The human eye is a complex organ with unique anatomy and physiology that restricts the delivery of drugs to target ocular tissues/sites. Recent advances in the field of pharmacy, biotechnology and material science have led to development of novel ophthalmic dosage forms which can provide sustained drug delivery, reduce dosing frequency and improve the ocular bioavailability of drugs. This review highlights the different anatomical and physiological factors which affect ocular bioavailability of drugs and explores advancements from 2016 to 2020 in various ophthalmic preparations. Different routes of drug administration such as topical, intravitreal, intraocular, juxtascleral, subconjunctival, intracameral and retrobulbar are discussed with their advances and limitations.

人眼是一个复杂的器官，具有独特的解剖学和生理学特征，限制了药物向眼部组织/部位的输送。药学、生物技术和材料科学领域的最新进展导致了新型眼科剂型的开发，这些剂型可以提供持续的药物递送、降低给药频率并提高药物的眼部生物利用度。本综述重点介绍了影响药物眼部生物利用度的不同解剖学和生理学因素，并探讨了 2016 年至 2020 年各种眼科制剂的进展。讨论了不同的给药途径，例如局部给药、玻璃体内给药、眼内给药、巩膜旁给药、结膜下给药、前房内给药和球后给药，以及它们的进步和局限性。