This study aimed to investigate the effect of hesperidin on reproductive damage caused by diabetes mellitus. A total of 24 adult male rats were divided into four groups: control group, hesperidin group, diabetes mellitus group, and diabetes mellitus + hesperidin group. The study was conducted for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and testicular oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT), DNA damage in testes (8-OHdG), and routine sperm parameters were evaluated. According to the results of the study, most of the parameters were similar in the control and hesperidin groups but CAT activity in the hesperidin group was statistically higher than the control group. Also, diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increased MDA levels and decreased enzymatic antioxidant (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT) activities and nonenzymatic (GSH) antioxidant levels. On the other hand, hesperidin supplementation significantly decreased oxidative stress and increased enzymatic antioxidant activities and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels due to the antioxidant effect. Also, DM increased DNA damage levels in testicular tissue and hesperidin supplementation significantly decreased DNA damage levels in testes of diabetic male rats. Besides, sperm motility significantly decreased while abnormal sperm rate and dead sperm rate were significantly increased in diabetic rats. Hesperidin supplementation significantly reduced these side effects in diabetic rats. In conclusion, hesperidin supplementation could be beneficial for decreasing the side effects on the male reproductive system caused by DM in rats.

中文翻译：

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橙皮苷对链脲佐菌素-糖尿病所致 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠睾丸 DNA 损伤和精子质量下降的改善作用

本研究旨在探讨橙皮苷对糖尿病引起的生殖损伤的影响。24只成年雄性大鼠分为4组：对照组、橙皮苷组、糖尿病组、糖尿病+橙皮苷组。该研究进行了4周。在研究结束时，处死大鼠并评估睾丸氧化应激标志物（MDA、GSH、GSH-Px、SOD和CAT）、睾丸DNA损伤（8-OHdG）和常规精子参数。根据研究结果，对照组和橙皮苷组的大部分参数相似，但橙皮苷组的CAT活性在统计学上高于对照组。此外，糖尿病 (DM) 显着增加 MDA 水平并降低酶促抗氧化剂（GSH-Px、SOD、CAT) 活性和非酶 (GSH) 抗氧化水平。另一方面，由于抗氧化作用，橙皮苷补充剂显着降低氧化应激并增加酶促抗氧化活性和非酶促抗氧化水平。此外，DM 增加了睾丸组织中的 DNA 损伤水平，橙皮苷补充剂显着降低了糖尿病雄性大鼠睾丸中的 DNA 损伤水平。此外，糖尿病大鼠精子活力显着降低，异常精子率和死精子率显着增加。橙皮苷补充剂显着降低了糖尿病大鼠的这些副作用。总之，橙皮苷补充剂可能有助于减少 DM 对大鼠雄性生殖系统的副作用。由于抗氧化作用，橙皮苷补充剂显着降低了氧化应激并增加了酶促抗氧化活性和非酶促抗氧化水平。此外，DM 增加了睾丸组织中的 DNA 损伤水平，橙皮苷补充剂显着降低了糖尿病雄性大鼠睾丸中的 DNA 损伤水平。此外，糖尿病大鼠精子活力显着降低，异常精子率和死精子率显着增加。橙皮苷补充剂显着降低了糖尿病大鼠的这些副作用。总之，橙皮苷补充剂可能有助于减少 DM 对大鼠雄性生殖系统的副作用。由于抗氧化作用，橙皮苷补充剂显着降低了氧化应激并增加了酶促抗氧化活性和非酶促抗氧化水平。此外，DM 增加了睾丸组织中的 DNA 损伤水平，橙皮苷补充剂显着降低了糖尿病雄性大鼠睾丸中的 DNA 损伤水平。此外，糖尿病大鼠精子活力显着降低，异常精子率和死精子率显着增加。橙皮苷补充剂显着降低了糖尿病大鼠的这些副作用。总之，橙皮苷补充剂可能有助于减少 DM 对大鼠雄性生殖系统的副作用。