Ammonia is an essential chemical for agriculture and industry. To date, NH₃ is mainly supplied by the traditional Haber–Bosch process, which is operated under high-temperature and high-pressure in a centralized way. To achieve ammonia production in an environmentally benign way, electrochemical NH₃ synthesis under ambient conditions has become the frontier of energy and chemical conversion schemes, as it can be powered by renewable energy and operates in a decentralized way. The recent progress on developing different strategies for NH₃ production, including 1) classic NH₃ synthesis pathways over nanomaterials; 2) the Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism over metal nitrides (MN_x); 3) reducing the nitrate into NH₃ over Cu-based nanomaterial; and 4) metal–N₂ battery release of NH₃ from Li_xM. Moreover, the most recent advances in engineering strategies for developing highly active materials and the design of the reaction systems for NH₃ synthesis are covered.

中文翻译：

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环境条件下电化学合成氨的研究进展与展望

氨是农业和工业必不可少的化学品。迄今为止，NH ₃主要由传统的哈伯-博世工艺提供，该工艺在高温高压下集中运行。为了以环境友好的方式实现氨生产，环境条件下的电化学 NH ₃合成已成为能源和化学转化方案的前沿，因为它可以由可再生能源提供动力并以分散的方式运行。为NH ₃生产开发不同策略的最新进展，包括1）纳米材料上的经典NH ₃合成途径；2) Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) 机制在金属氮化物 (MN _x); 3)在Cu基纳米材料上将硝酸盐还原成NH ₃；和 4)从 Li _x M释放 NH _{3 的}金属-N ₂电池。此外，还涵盖了开发高活性材料的工程策略和 NH ₃合成反应系统设计的最新进展。