Environmental governance research has discovered much about what drives collective action to address human-environment issues, including factors such as risk perceptions and self-efficacy. Yet the design of many studies limits our ability to draw conclusions about collective action under conditions of environmental change, especially across spatial or temporal scales. In this study, we integrate social and biophysical data—assessing data over time and examining the influence of space—to analyze efforts by community members to manage rapid environmental change in the form of an invasive plant (Mikania micrantha) in community forests in Chitwan, Nepal. Invasive species are an increasingly complex ethical, cultural, and ecological issue that is becoming more pressing with global environmental and social changes. We combine household surveys, ecological surveys, and spatial data in Bayesian hierarchical linear models to explore changes in the drivers of collective action since initial household surveys in 2014. We find that risk perceptions, reliance on forest resources, perceptions of forest safety, and M. micrantha abundance were the most influential factors in our models. Additionally, our findings suggest that the influence of M. micrantha abundance on collective action varies across spatial scales, indicating important interactions between social and biophysical drivers of collective action. Ultimately, our results highlight the importance of considering social and biophysical factors across space and time to inform the design of institutions that will be effective in addressing collection action problems tied to environmental change.

环境治理研究发现了很多关于推动集体行动解决人类环境问题的因素，包括风险认知和自我效能等因素。然而，许多研究的设计限制了我们在环境变化条件下得出集体行动结论的能力，尤其是跨空间或时间尺度。在这项研究中，我们整合了社会和生物物理数据——随着时间的推移评估数据并检查空间的影响——来分析社区成员以入侵植物（Mikania micrantha）的形式管理快速环境变化的努力) 在尼泊尔奇旺的社区森林中。入侵物种是一个日益复杂的伦理、文化和生态问题，随着全球环境和社会变化变得越来越紧迫。我们结合贝叶斯分层线性模型中的入户调查、生态调查和空间数据，探索自 2014 年首次入户调查以来集体行动驱动因素的变化。我们发现风险认知、对森林资源的依赖、森林安全认知和M . micrantha丰度是我们模型中最有影响的因素。此外，我们的研究结果表明M. micrantha集体行动的丰度因空间尺度而异，表明集体行动的社会和生物物理驱动因素之间存在重要的相互作用。最终，我们的结果强调了考虑跨空间和时间的社会和生物物理因素的重要性，以便为有效解决与环境变化相关的收集行动问题的机构设计提供信息。