A weighted human health risk evaluation methodology that integrated fuzzy-synthetic evaluation and chemical equilibrium simulation was proposed. The method was applied to study the potential toxicity and morphological characteristics of cadmium (Cd) species in groundwater. The concentrations and activities of 15 Cd (II) ion species were conducted by Visual MINTEQ for optimizing average daily dose through ingestion pathway in the health risk model. Both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk of Cd (II) species for adults and children were conducted. The health risk assessment revealed that metal species of Cd²⁺ and CdCl ⁺ posed carcinogenic risk to adults. The carcinogenic risk of Cd²⁺ with the value 8.03E-04 and 5.43E-04 for adults and children demonstrated high carcinogenicity, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk values for Cd (II) ion species were all less than 1 except for Cd²⁺. It was noteworthy that the non-carcinogenic risk index of Cd²⁺ and CdCl⁺ were slightly higher than those after weight assignment. Besides, the investigation indicated that conventional risk assessment may overestimate or underestimate risk levels and the health risk of Cd (II) species principally depended on their metal speciation associated affecting factor of pH in groundwater. The Nemero index for Cd (II) species showed a slight contamination accounted for a percentage of 13.33% of the sampling areas. Therefore, the methodology identified Cd²⁺ and CdCl ⁺ as the targeted species for contamination through the assessment. This strategy provided a solution of correlation degree optimization for groundwater health risk assessment and a reference for the administration to manage groundwater pollution.

提出了一种模糊综合评价与化学平衡模拟相结合的加权人体健康风险评价方法。该方法用于研究地下水中镉（Cd）物种的潜在毒性和形态特征。15 种 Cd (II) 离子种类的浓度和活性由 Visual MINTEQ 进行，以优化健康风险模型中通过摄入途径的平均日剂量。研究了 Cd (II) 物种对成人和儿童的致癌和非致癌健康风险。健康风险评估显示，Cd ²⁺和CdCl  ⁺金属种类 对成年人构成致癌风险。Cd ²⁺的致癌风险成人和儿童的值分别为 8.03E-04 和 5.43E-04，显示出较高的致癌性。除 Cd ²⁺外，Cd (II) 离子种类的非致癌风险值均小于 1 。值得注意的是，Cd ²⁺和CdCl ⁺的非致癌风险指数略高于权重分配后的风险指数。此外，调查表明，常规风险评估可能会高估或低估风险水平，Cd (II) 物种的健康风险主要取决于其金属形态相关的地下水 pH 影响因素。Cd (II) 物种的 Nemero 指数显示轻微污染占采样区域的 13.33%。因此，该方法确定了 Cd ²⁺和 CdCl  ⁺ 作为通过评估污染的目标物种。该策略为地下水健康风险评估提供了相关度优化的解决方案，为行政管理地下水污染提供了参考。