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Assessing the intra-urban variability of nitrogen oxides and ozone across a highly heterogeneous urban area
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09414-2
Celine El-Khoury 1, 2 , Ibrahim Alameddine 1 , Jad Zalzal 3 , Mutasem El-Fadel 1, 4 , Marianne Hatzopoulou 3
Affiliation  

High-resolution air quality maps are critical towards assessing and understanding exposures to elevated air pollution in dense urban areas. However, these surfaces are rarely available in low- and middle-income countries that suffer from some of the highest air pollution levels worldwide. In this study, we make use of land use regressions (LURs) to generate annual and seasonal, high-resolution nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and ozone (O3) exposure surfaces for the Greater Beirut Area (GBA) in Lebanon. NO2, NOx and O3 concentrations were monitored using passive samplers that were deployed at 55 pre-defined monitoring locations. The average annual concentrations of NO2, NOx, and O3 across the GBA were 36.0, 89.7, and 26.9 ppb, respectively. Overall, the performance of the generated models was appropriate, with low biases, high model robustness, and acceptable R2 values that ranged between 0.66 and 0.73 for NO2, 0.56 and 0.60 for NOx, and 0.54 and 0.65 for O3. Traffic-related emissions as well as the operation of a fossil-fuel power plant were found to be the main contributors to the measured NO2 and NOx levels in the GBA, whereas they acted as sinks for O3 concentrations. No seasonally significant differences were found for the NO2 and NOx pollution surfaces; as their seasonal and annual models were largely similar (Pearson’s r > 0.85 for both pollutants). On the other hand, seasonal O3 pollution surfaces were significantly different. The model results showed that around 99% of the population of the GBA were exposed to NO2 levels that exceeded the World Health Organization defined annual standard.



中文翻译:

评估高度异质城市区域内氮氧​​化物和臭氧的城市内变化

高分辨率空气质量地图对于评估和了解密集城市地区空气污染加剧的暴露情况至关重要。然而,这些表面在全球空气污染水平最高的中低收入国家很少见。在本研究中,我们利用土地利用回归 (LUR) 生成大贝鲁特地区的年度和季节性高分辨率二氧化氮 (NO 2 )、氮氧化物 (NO x ) 和臭氧 (O 3 ) 暴露面(GBA) 在黎巴嫩。NO 2、NO x和O 3浓度使用部署在55 个预定义监测位置的被动采样器进行监测。NO 的年均浓度2、大湾区的NO x和O 3分别为36.0、89.7和26.9 ppb。总体而言,生成的模型的性能是合适的,具有低偏差、高模型鲁棒性和可接受的R 2值,NO 2介于 0.66 和 0.73 之间,NO x介于0.56 和 0.60 之间,O 3介于0.54 和 0.65 之间。交通相关排放以及化石燃料发电厂的运营被发现是大湾区中 NO 2和 NO x水平的主要贡献者,而它们则充当 O 3浓度的汇。没有发现 NO 的季节性显着差异2和NO x污染表面;因为它们的季节性和年度模型在很大程度上相似( 两种污染物的Pearson r > 0.85)。另一方面,季节性O 3污染面有显着差异。模型结果显示,大湾区约 99% 的人口暴露于超过世界卫生组织定义的年度标准的NO 2水平。

更新日期:2021-09-17
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