Biodiesel has emerged as a viable alternative to mineral diesel in the transport sector to replace fossil fuels partially. However, long-term compatibility with engine hardware must be evaluated to ensure a smooth transition. Long-term material compatibility studies of Karanja oil methyl ester (biodiesel) blends with the hardware of a modern common rail direct injection system equipped diesel engine used in sports utility vehicles have been carried out in this investigation. A long-term endurance test was carried out in two phases, each lasting 274 h and utilizing (i) baseline mineral diesel and (ii) a 20% v/v Karanja biodiesel blended with mineral diesel (KB20). After completing the first phase, the engine was dismantled, and essential engine components were investigated for carbon deposits and physical wear using several techniques. Before proceeding with the next phase of the endurance test KB20, new engine components were installed in the engine, and then the test was executed. The KB20-fuelled engine exhibited lower wear on the valves and crankpins but higher wear of liners, piston rings, pistons, gudgeon pin, small and big end bearings of the connecting rod, and the main bearings. Fuel chemistry affected the lubricating oil efficacy and its residual useful life. Lubricating oil from the KB20-fuelled engine exhibited a higher increase in density and ash content. KB20 fuelled engine's lubricating oil underwent higher oxidation and polymerization. The surface roughness characteristics of the cylinder liner were measured before and after the endurance test for comparative wear evaluation during both phases of the endurance test. Carbon deposits on the cylinder head, piston top, and injectors were compared, and the pistons of the KB20 fuelled engine exhibited higher carbonaceous deposits. Biodiesel blends harmed the CRDI engine's fuel injection system. Biodiesel harms the fuel injection equipment (FIE) of the CRDI engine. Various tribological tests were performed on the lubricating oil samples collected regularly to examine the compatibility of KB20 vis-à-vis mineral diesel. This series of tribological tests on the lubricating oil samples assessed the effect of fuel chemistry on the lubricating oil's performance and residual useful life. Tests included variations in lubricant density, viscosity, flash point temperature, moisture content, pentane and toluene insoluble, and copper corrosion with time. The study summarily concluded that Biodiesel blends could be utilized in a CRDI engine without causing major engine durability or lubricating oil degradation issues.

生物柴油已成为运输部门矿物柴油的可行替代品，可部分替代化石燃料。但是，必须评估与引擎硬件的长期兼容性，以确保平稳过渡。在这项调查中，已经对 Karanja 油甲酯（生物柴油）混合物与配备现代共轨直喷系统的柴油发动机的硬件进行了长期材料相容性研究，该柴油发动机用于运动型多功能车。长期耐久性测试分两个阶段进行，每个阶段持续 274 小时，并使用 (i) 基准矿物柴油和 (ii) 与矿物柴油 (KB20) 混合的 20% v/v Karanja 生物柴油。完成第一阶段后，发动机被拆解，并使用多种技术对发动机基本部件的积碳和物理磨损进行了调查。在进行下一阶段的耐久性测试 KB20 之前，在发动机中安装了新的发动机部件，然后进行了测试。KB20 燃料发动机的气门和曲柄销磨损较低，但衬套、活塞环、活塞、轴销、连杆的大小端轴承和主轴承的磨损较高。燃料化学影响润滑油的功效及其剩余使用寿命。来自 KB20 燃料发动机的润滑油在密度和灰分含量方面表现出更高的增加。以KB20为燃料的发动机润滑油发生了较高的氧化和聚合反应。在耐久试验之前和之后测量气缸套的表面粗糙度特性，以在耐久试验的两个阶段进行比较磨损评估。气缸盖上的积碳，活塞顶部和喷油器进行了比较，KB20 燃料发动机的活塞表现出更高的含碳沉积物。生物柴油混合物损害了 CRDI 发动机的燃油喷射系统。生物柴油会损害 CRDI 发动机的燃油喷射设备 (FIE)。对定期收集的润滑油样品进行了各种摩擦学测试，以检查 KB20 与矿物柴油的相容性。这一系列对润滑油样品的摩擦学测试评估了燃料化学对润滑油性能和剩余使用寿命的影响。测试包括润滑剂密度、粘度、闪点温度、水分含量、戊烷和甲苯不溶性以及铜腐蚀随时间的变化。