Nanocapsules are a promising controlled release formulation for foliar pest control. However, the complicated process and high cost limit widespread use in agriculture, so a simpler and more convenient preparation system is urgently needed. Meanwhile, under complex field conditions, the advantageous mechanism of the nanosize effect and sustained release have no quantitative and detailed study. In this study, a reactive emulsifier (OP-10) is used to participate in the interfacial polymerization of the nanoemulsion, and polymer nanocapsules loaded with lambda-cyhalothrin (NCS@LC) are quickly and easily prepared to study the efficacy and synergistic mechanism of foliar pest control. As a result, the nanocapsule is about 150 nm with a stable core–shell structure. The nanoscale state increases the distribution and adhesion of the particles on the leaf surface, which increases the contact efficiency of pesticides under the different physiological stages and behavioral activities of the target organism. The shell structure provides sustained release characteristics and increases the UV resistance by about 2.5 times for pesticides. Compared with microcapsules loaded with lambda-cyhalothrin (CS@LC), NCS@LC not only shows rapid and synergistic insecticidal efficacy but also provides sustained insecticidal efficacy. The mortality of NCS is 3.4 times that of the nanosized emulsion in water (NEW) at the lowest concentration (0.5 mg L⁻¹), and the control efficacy remained 77.3% after 7 days. Compared with NEW, NCS@LC provides excellent field efficacy, while LC₅₀ for zebrafish is only 0.68 times without increasing the aquatic toxicity risk.

中文翻译：

---

使用反应性乳化剂构建简单方便的载有 λ-三氯氟氰菊酯的纳米胶囊，以实现高效的叶面给药和杀虫协同作用

纳米胶囊是一种用于叶面害虫防治的有前途的控释制剂。然而，复杂的工艺和高成本限制了在农业中的广泛应用，因此迫切需要一种更简单、更方便的制备系统。同时，在复杂的现场条件下，纳米效应和缓释的有​​利机制还没有定量和详细的研究。在本研究中，反应性乳化剂 (OP-10) 用于参与纳米乳液的界面聚合，并快速、轻松地制备负载 λ-三氯氟氰菊酯 (NCS@LC) 的聚合物纳米胶囊，以研究其功效和协同作用机制。叶面害虫防治。因此，纳米胶囊约为 150 nm，具有稳定的核壳结构。纳米级状态增加了颗粒在叶面的分布和附着力，从而提高了农药在靶标生物不同生理阶段和行为活动下的接触效率。壳结构提供缓释特性，并将杀虫剂的抗紫外线能力提高约 2.5 倍。与负载λ-三氯氟氰菊酯（CS@LC）的微胶囊相比，NCS@LC不仅表现出快速和协同的杀虫效果，而且还提供持续的杀虫效果。NCS 的死亡率是最低浓度（0.5 mg L 壳结构提供缓释特性，并将杀虫剂的抗紫外线能力提高约 2.5 倍。与负载λ-三氯氟氰菊酯（CS@LC）的微胶囊相比，NCS@LC不仅表现出快速和协同的杀虫效果，而且还提供持续的杀虫效果。NCS 的死亡率是最低浓度（0.5 mg L 壳结构提供缓释特性，并将杀虫剂的抗紫外线能力提高约 2.5 倍。与负载λ-三氯氟氰菊酯（CS@LC）的微胶囊相比，NCS@LC不仅表现出快速和协同的杀虫效果，而且还提供持续的杀虫效果。NCS 的死亡率是最低浓度（0.5 mg L^-1 )，7天后防效保持77.3%。与NEW相比，NCS@LC提供了出色的现场效力，而斑马鱼的LC ₅₀仅为0.68倍，而不会增加水生毒性风险。