Regulatory T cells (T_regs) are specific subtype of T cells that play a central role in sustaining self-antigen tolerance and restricting inflammatory tissue damage. More recently, additional direct functions of T_regs in mammalian tissue repair have emerged, but the regenerative potential of T_regs in non-mammalian vertebrates has not been explored despite the latter possessing a highly developed adaptive immune system. Why complex organs such as the caudal fin, heart, brain, spinal cord and retina regenerate in certain non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals, is an interesting but unresolved question in the field of regenerative biology. Inflammation has traditionally been thought to be an impediment to regeneration due to the formation of scars. Regenerative decline in higher organisms has been speculated to be the evolutionary advent of adaptive immunity. Recent studies, however, have shown that the innate inflammatory response in non-mammalian organisms is required for organ regeneration. It has also been found that highly advanced adaptive immunity is no longer incompatible with regeneration and for that, T_regs are important. Zebrafish regulatory T cells (zT_regs) migrate rapidly to the injury site in damaged organs, where they facilitate the proliferation of regeneration precursor cells by generating tissue-specific regenerative factors by a process distinct from the canonical anti-inflammatory pathway. We review both reparative and proregenerative roles of T_regs in mammals and zebrafish, respectively, and also give an overview of the forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) -dependent immunosuppressive function of T_regs in zebrafish, which makes it a useful model organism for future T_reg biology and research.

中文翻译：

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通过斑马鱼复杂组织再生解码调节性 T 细胞的促再生能力

调节性 T 细胞 (T _regs ) 是 T 细胞的特定亚型，在维持自身抗原耐受性和限制炎症组织损伤方面发挥着核心作用。最近，T _regs在哺乳动物组织修复中的其他直接功能已经出现，但 T _{regs的再生潜力}尽管非哺乳动物脊椎动物拥有高度发达的适应性免疫系统，但尚未对其进行探索。为什么尾鳍、心脏、大脑、脊髓和视网膜等复杂器官在某些非哺乳动物脊椎动物中再生，而在哺乳动物中却不能再生，这是再生生物学领域一个有趣但尚未解决的问题。由于疤痕的形成，炎症传统上被认为是再生的障碍。据推测，高等生物的再生衰退是适应性免疫的进化出现。然而，最近的研究表明，器官再生需要非哺乳动物的先天炎症反应。还发现高度先进的适应性免疫不再与再生不相容，为此，T_注册很重要。斑马鱼调节性 T 细胞 (zT _regs ) 快速迁移到受损器官的损伤部位，在那里它们通过不同于典型抗炎途径的过程产生组织特异性再生因子，从而促进再生前体细胞的增殖。_{我们分别回顾了 T regs}在哺乳动物和斑马鱼中的修复和促再生作用，并概述了叉头框蛋白 3 (FoxP3) - 斑马鱼中 T _regs依赖性免疫抑制功能，这使其成为未来有用的模型生物T _reg生物学和研究。