To establish an effective recycling process for waste photovoltaic (PV) panels, a wire explosion method using a high-voltage pulsed discharge was used to separate silver (Ag) from an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer resin sheet. The cell used in the experiment was prepared by removing the aluminum frame and the glass cover plate from the waste PV panel. Ag particle recovery experiments were conducted in water. Electrodes were installed on each copper busbar of the cell. A 40.8- $\mu \text{F}$ capacitor was charged to a maximum of 15.0 kV and then discharged using a mechanical switch. Wire explosions occurred through the 102 Ag wires connected in parallel between the busbars. The particles recovered after the wire explosion were sieved and then characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed that the majority of separated Ag particles were attached to the silicon particles. The Ag recovery rate was 69% at a charging voltage of 15.0 kV. Higher discharge energies increased the Ag recovery rate; however, the recovered particles had lower Ag concentration. A circuit simulation was performed to analyze the current waveforms and calculate the current distribution. Shadowgraph imaging was used to observe the separation process of Ag particles and the EVA layer by wire explosion during pulse discharge. The shadowgraph images indicated that plasma generation and gas expansion have important roles in the separation process.

中文翻译：

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线爆法回收废结晶硅光伏电池中的银

为了建立有效的废弃光伏 (PV) 面板回收工艺，使用高压脉冲放电的电线爆炸法从乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯 (EVA) 共聚物树脂片中分离银 (Ag)。实验中使用的电池是通过从废弃的光伏面板上去除铝框和玻璃盖板来制备的。Ag粒子回收实验在水中进行。电极安装在电池的每个铜母线上。一个 40.8- $\mu \text{F}$ 电容器充电至最大 15.0 kV，然后使用机械开关放电。汇流条之间并联的 102 根​​银线发生爆炸。将电线爆炸后回收的颗粒过筛，然后通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱和 X 射线荧光进行表征。扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱分析表明，大部分分离的银颗粒附着在硅颗粒上。在 15.0 kV 的充电电压下，Ag 回收率为 69%。更高的放电能量提高了银回收率；然而，回收的颗粒具有较低的 Ag 浓度。进行电路仿真以分析电流波形并计算电流分布。使用阴影图成像观察脉冲放电过程中Ag颗粒与EVA层通过线爆分离的过程。阴影图像表明等离子体产生和气体膨胀在分离过程中起着重要作用。