The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, flexibility, lightness, and portability. Therefore, it has caused more and more attention as an electronic skin sensor. Generally, the research on intelligent components mainly focused on flexible pressure or temperature sensors. However, the surface roughness recognition of object material still remains a challenge. Meanwhile, most of the current surface roughness recognition methods need secondary processing of the sensor signal, and rarely use the signal generated by the sensor to directly identify the surface roughness. In this paper, the load-dependent electric field model is transplanted to the conductor-dielectric contact-separation TENG (CS-TENG), and the surface roughness of conductor can be differentiated theoretically based on the output of CS-TENG. To verify its effectiveness, the TENG devices were fabricated and the home-processed steels of different roughness act as the conductor layers. By contacting the conductor layer with the dielectric layer, the electric output signal based on contact induced electrification can be generated, which can be used to quantitatively estimate the surface roughness of steels. The test results demonstrate that the output of CS-TENG decreases with the increase of surface roughness, which coincides with the simulation prediction. This method is low cost and easy to implement, which provides a new design idea to extend the functions of TENGs as tactile electronic skins.

中文翻译：

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用于表面粗糙度传感的摩擦纳米发电机的负载相关模型

摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）具有低成本、高效率、灵活、轻便和便携等优点。因此，它作为一种电子皮肤传感器引起了越来越多的关注。一般来说，智能元件的研究主要集中在柔性压力或温度传感器上。然而，物体材料的表面粗糙度识别仍然是一个挑战。同时，目前的表面粗糙度识别方法大多需要对传感器信号进行二次处理，很少利用传感器产生的信号来直接识别表面粗糙度。本文将负载相关电场模型移植到导体-电介质接触-分离TENG（CS-TENG）中，基于CS-TENG的输出，理论上可以区分导体的表面粗糙度。为了验证其有效性，制造了 TENG 设备，并将不同粗糙度的自制钢材作为导体层。通过使导体层与介电层接触，可以产生基于接触感应带电的电输出信号，可用于定量估计钢材的表面粗糙度。测试结果表明，CS-TENG的输出随着表面粗糙度的增加而降低，与模拟预测相符。该方法成本低且易于实现，为扩展TENGs作为触觉电子皮肤的功能提供了一种新的设计思路。通过使导体层与介电层接触，可以产生基于接触感应带电的电输出信号，可用于定量估计钢材的表面粗糙度。测试结果表明，CS-TENG的输出随着表面粗糙度的增加而降低，与模拟预测相符。该方法成本低且易于实现，为扩展TENGs作为触觉电子皮肤的功能提供了一种新的设计思路。通过使导体层与介电层接触，可以产生基于接触感应带电的电输出信号，可用于定量估计钢材的表面粗糙度。测试结果表明，CS-TENG的输出随着表面粗糙度的增加而降低，与模拟预测相符。该方法成本低且易于实现，为扩展TENGs作为触觉电子皮肤的功能提供了一种新的设计思路。