Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent anthropogenic pollutants present in many environmental media worldwide due to their extensive uses in many industrial and commercial products combined with their high thermal and chemical stabilities. Its ubiquitous presence in surface and drinking water supply and significant adverse health effects observed in wildlife and humans, associated with its bioaccumulation potential, pose big concerns. In this study, we have developed and validated a semi-automated solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of legacy and emerging short-chain PFAS substitutes in surface and tap water at low parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels in South Florida environments. Surface waters from Biscayne Bay and adjacent canals (n = 15) and tap waters from different counties (Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach County) (n = 21) were collected between October 2020 (wet season) and February 2021 (dry season). Total PFAS concentrations up to 242 ng L^-1 (average of 168 ng L^-1) were found in tap water from Grapeland Heights, which is the closest location to the Miami international airport that was sampled. The highest average total PFAS level of 106 ng L^-1 was observed in surface water from the Biscayne Canal C-8 for the wet and dry season. In general, average total PFAS was higher in tap water (86.3 ng L^-1) than in surface waters (46.3 ng L^-1), whereas the most predominant and frequently detected PFAS were PFBA, PFBS, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHxS, PFOA and PFOS. PFAS levels found could represent a high human health risk, and ecological risk based on PFOS levels above recommended thresholds are also noted. Such knowledge on PFAS occurrence, distribution and sources in South Florida will provide essential information for local and regional regulatory agencies related to water quality, further facilitating the development of guidelines and procedures for PFAS pollution control and reduction in Florida.

全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 是一种持久性人为污染物，存在于世界各地的许多环境介质中，因为它们在许多工业和商业产品中广泛使用，并且具有很高的热稳定性和化学稳定性。它在地表和饮用水供应中无处不在，以及在野生动物和人类中观察到的严重不利健康影响，与其生物积累潜力相关，引起了人们极大的关注。在本研究中，我们开发并验证了半自动固相萃取 (SPE) 和液相色谱-质谱联用 (LC-MS/MS)，用于测定地表水中和自来水中的传统和新兴短链 PFAS 替代品在南佛罗里达州的环境中以低的万亿分之几 (ppt) 水平。在 2020 年 10 月（雨季）和 2021 年 2 月（旱季）之间收集了来自比斯坎湾和邻近运河（n = 15）的地表水和来自不同县（迈阿密-戴德、布劳沃德和棕榈滩县）（n = 21）的自来水季节）。PFAS 总浓度高达 242 ng L^-1（平均 168 ng L ^-1）在来自 Grapeland Heights 的自来水中被发现，这是采样的距离迈阿密国际机场最近的位置。在湿季和干季，在比斯坎运河 C-8 的地表水中观察到的最高平均总 PFAS 水平为 106 ng L ^-1。一般而言，自来水中的平均总 PFAS (86.3 ng L ^-1 ) 高于地表水 (46.3 ng L ^-1)，而最主要和最常检测到的 PFAS 是 PFBA、PFBS、PFPeA、PFHxA、PFHxS、PFOA 和 PFOS。发现的 PFAS 水平可能代表高人类健康风险，还注意到基于 PFOS 水平高于推荐阈值的生态风险。此类关于南佛罗里达州 PFAS 发生、分布和来源的知识将为当地和区域监管机构提供与水质相关的重要信息，进一步促进佛罗里达州 PFAS 污染控制和减少指南和程序的制定。