Two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) have attracted intensive attention owing to tailorable composition and structures, unique dimension-dependent properties, and tunable surface chemistry. Therefore, applications of 2D MOFs have been explored widely in many fields. To make practical application of the 2D MOFs fast, it is of vital importance to develop low-cost, controllable and facile synthesis. In recent years, significant progresses have been achieved in the synthesis of 2D MOFs nanosheets. In this review, we summarize the effective synthetic strategies, dividing them into top-down and bottom-up methods. Subsequently, we discuss the applications of these 2D MOFs nanosheets in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, energy conversion/storage, gas separation, sensing and adhesion, and share insights into the challenges and prospects in this field.

二维金属有机骨架（2D MOFs）由于可定制的组成和结构、独特的尺寸相关特性和可调的表面化学而引起了广泛关注。因此，二维 MOF 的应用在许多领域得到了广泛的探索。为了加快二维 MOF 的实际应用，开发低成本、可控且简便的合成方法至关重要。近年来，二维MOFs纳米片的合成取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有效的合成策略，将它们分为自上而下和自下而上的方法。随后，我们讨论了这些 2D MOFs 纳米片在电催化、光催化、能量转换/存储、气体分离、传感和粘附中的应用，