Objective

Previous research has highlighted the role of cognitive and affective mediators in facilitating the effectiveness of pictorial warning labels (PWLs). This study examines smokers’ responses towards PWLs after 10 days of use and their associations with changes in quitting attitudes, beliefs, and intentions during this period.

Methods

Non-treatment-seeking, daily smokers completed a randomized, parallel design trial. Participants were randomized to either a PWL or control (i.e., text only or no warning label) group and received their preferred brand cigarettes affixed with their assigned label for 10 days. We assessed quitting attitudes, intentions, and beliefs at the onset and end of the study. At study end, smokers rated their PWL on a 5-point scale for 8 cognitive and emotional attributes: memorable, understandable, shocking, informative, offensive, boring, relevant, and interesting.

Results

Mean ratings of the PWLs were high for memorable, understandable, informative, relevant, and interesting (range = 3.4 to 4.0), moderate for shocking (2.9), and low for offensive (1.7), and boring (1.5). Among the PWLs, quitting-related attitudes, positive beliefs, and intentions increased over the study period (p < .001) and these changes were positively associated with most attributes except offensive and boring (p < .05). For the text-only label group, attitudes and intentions increased significantly but these changes were not associated with any attributes.

Conclusion

Smokers generally have favorable evaluations of PWLs following repeated exposures. Further, these evaluations are associated with increased quitting attitudes and intentions, which may facilitate cessation attempts over longer periods of exposure.

中文翻译：

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对图片警告标签的认知和情绪反应及其与持续接触后戒烟措施的关联

客观的

先前的研究强调了认知和情感中介在促进图片警告标签 (PWL) 有效性方面的作用。本研究调查了吸烟者在使用 10 天后对 PWL 的反应，以及他们与在此期间戒烟态度、信念和意图变化的关联。

方法

未寻求治疗的每日吸烟者完成了一项随机、平行设计试验。参与者被随机分配到 PWL 或对照组（即，只有文字或没有警告标签）组，并收到贴有指定标签的他们喜欢的品牌香烟 10 天。我们评估了研究开始和结束时的戒烟态度、意图和信念。在研究结束时，吸烟者根据 8 种认知和情感属性以 5 分制对他们的 PWL 进行评分：令人难忘、易于理解、令人震惊、信息丰富、令人反感、无聊、相关和有趣。

结果

PWL 的平均评分在令人难忘的、易于理解的、信息丰富的、相关的和有趣的方面较高（范围 = 3.4 至 4.0），在令人震惊的方面中等（2.9），在令人反感的（1.7）和无聊的方面低（1.5）。在 PWL 中，与戒烟相关的态度、积极信念和意图在研究期间有所增加 ( p  < .001)，并且这些变化与除攻击性和无聊之外的大多数属性呈正相关 ( p  < .05)。对于纯文本标签组，态度和意图显着增加，但这些变化与任何属性无关。

结论

吸烟者在反复接触后通常对 PWL 有良好的评价。此外，这些评估与戒烟态度和意图的增加有关，这可能有助于在较长时间的接触中尝试戒烟。