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IIIG9 inhibition in adult ependymal cells changes adherens junctions structure and induces cellular detachment
Scientific Reports ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-17 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97948-3
Victor Baeza 1 , Manuel Cifuentes 2, 3, 4 , Fernando Martínez 1 , Eder Ramírez 1 , Francisco Nualart 1, 5 , Luciano Ferrada 5 , María José Oviedo 1 , Isabelle De Lima 1 , Ninoschka Troncoso 1 , Natalia Saldivia 1 , Katterine Salazar 1, 5
Affiliation  

Ependymal cells have multiple apical cilia that line the ventricular surfaces and the central canal of spinal cord. In cancer, the loss of ependymal cell polarity promotes the formation of different types of tumors, such as supratentorial anaplastic ependymomas, which are highly aggressive in children. IIIG9 (PPP1R32) is a protein restricted to adult ependymal cells located in cilia and in the apical cytoplasm and has unknown function. In this work, we studied the expression and localization of IIIG9 in the adherens junctions (cadherin/β-catenin-positive junctions) of adult brain ependymal cells using confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Through in vivo loss-of-function studies, ependymal denudation (single-dose injection experiments of inhibitory adenovirus) was observed, inducing the formation of ependymal cells with a “balloon-like” morphology. These cells had reduced cadherin expression (and/or delocalization) and cleavage of the cell death marker caspase-3, with “cilia rigidity” morphology (probably vibrational beating activity) and ventriculomegaly occurring prior to these events. Finally, after performing continuous infusions of adenovirus for 14 days, we observed total cell denudation and reactive parenchymal astrogliosis. Our data confirmed that IIIG9 is essential for the maintenance of adherens junctions of polarized ependymal cells. Eventually, altered levels of this protein in ependymal cell differentiation may increase ventricular pathologies, such as hydrocephalus or neoplastic transformation.



中文翻译:

成人室管膜细胞中的 IIIG9 抑制改变粘附连接结构并诱导细胞脱离

室管膜细胞有多个顶端纤毛,排列在心室表面和脊髓中央管。在癌症中,室管膜细胞极性的丧失促进了不同类型肿瘤的形成,例如幕上间变性室管膜瘤,在儿童中具有高度侵袭性。IIIG9 (PPP1R32) 是一种蛋白质,仅限于位于纤毛和顶端细胞质中的成人室管膜细胞,功能未知。在这项工作中,我们使用共聚焦和透射电子显微镜研究了 IIIG9 在成人脑室管膜细胞粘附连接(钙粘蛋白/β-连环蛋白阳性连接)中的表达和定位。通过体内功能丧失研究,观察到室管膜剥脱(抑制性腺病毒的单剂量注射实验),诱导形成具有“气球样”形态的室管膜细胞。这些细胞的钙粘蛋白表达(和/或离域)减少,细胞死亡标志物 caspase-3 裂解,在这些事件之前出现“纤毛僵硬”形态(可能是振动跳动活动)和脑室扩大。最后,在连续输注腺病毒 14 天后,我们观察到总细胞剥蚀和反应性实质星形胶质细胞增生。我们的数据证实 IIIG9 对于维持极化室管膜细胞的粘附连接至关重要。最终,室管膜细胞分化中这种蛋白质水平的改变可能会增加心室病变,例如脑积水或肿瘤转化。这些细胞的钙粘蛋白表达(和/或离域)减少,细胞死亡标志物 caspase-3 裂解,在这些事件之前出现“纤毛僵硬”形态(可能是振动跳动活动)和脑室扩大。最后,在连续输注腺病毒 14 天后,我们观察到总细胞剥蚀和反应性实质星形胶质细胞增生。我们的数据证实 IIIG9 对于维持极化室管膜细胞的粘附连接至关重要。最终,室管膜细胞分化中这种蛋白质水平的改变可能会增加心室病变,例如脑积水或肿瘤转化。这些细胞的钙粘蛋白表达(和/或离域)减少,细胞死亡标志物 caspase-3 裂解,在这些事件之前出现“纤毛僵硬”形态(可能是振动跳动活动)和脑室扩大。最后,在连续输注腺病毒 14 天后,我们观察到总细胞剥蚀和反应性实质星形胶质细胞增生。我们的数据证实 IIIG9 对于维持极化室管膜细胞的粘附连接至关重要。最终,室管膜细胞分化中这种蛋白质水平的改变可能会增加心室病变,例如脑积水或肿瘤转化。在连续输注腺病毒 14 天后,我们观察到总细胞剥蚀和反应性实质星形胶质细胞增生。我们的数据证实 IIIG9 对于维持极化室管膜细胞的粘附连接至关重要。最终,室管膜细胞分化中这种蛋白质水平的改变可能会增加心室病变,例如脑积水或肿瘤转化。在连续输注腺病毒 14 天后,我们观察到总细胞剥蚀和反应性实质星形胶质细胞增生。我们的数据证实 IIIG9 对于维持极化室管膜细胞的粘附连接至关重要。最终,室管膜细胞分化中这种蛋白质水平的改变可能会增加心室病变,例如脑积水或肿瘤转化。

更新日期:2021-09-17
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