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Spectre of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the ambient urban waters of Ahmedabad and Guwahati: A tale of two Indian cities
Environmental Research ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112067
Manish Kumar 1 , Vaibhav Srivastava 2 , Payal Mazumder 3 , Jyoti Prakash Deka 4 , Shilangi Gupta 2 , Ritusmita Goswami 5 , Pravin K Mutiyar 6 , Shyamnarayan Dave 7 , Chandan Mahanta 8 , A L Ramanathan 9 , Madhvi Joshi 10
Affiliation  

COVID-19 positive patients can egest live SARS-CoV-2 virus and viral genome fragments through faecal matter and urine, raising concerns about viral transmission through the faecal-oral route and/or contaminated aerosolized water. These concerns are amplified in many low- and middle-income countries, where raw sewage is often discharged into surface waterways and open defecation is common. Nonetheless, there has been no evidence of COVID-19 transmission via ambient urban water, and the virus viability in such aquatic matrices is believed to be minimal and not a matter of concern. In this manuscript, we attempt to discern the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material (ORF-1ab, N and S genes) in the urban water (lakes, rivers, and drains) of the two Indian cities viz., Ahmedabad (AMD), in western India with 9 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and Guwahati (GHY), in the north-east of the country with no such treatment facilities. The present study was carried out to establish the applicability of environmental water surveillance (E-wat-Surveillance) of COVID-19 as a potential tool for public health monitoring at the community level. 25.8% and 20% of the urban water samples had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in AMD and GHY, respectively. N-gene > S-gene > ORF-1ab-gene were readily detected in the urban surface water of AMD, whereas no such observable trend was noticed in the case of GHY. The high concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 genes (e.g., ORF-1ab; 800 copies/L for Sabarmati River, AMD and S-gene; 565 copies/L for Bharalu urban river, GHY) found in urban waters suggest that WWTPs do not always completely remove the virus genetic material and that E-wat-Surveillance of COVID-19 in cities/rural areas with poor sanitation is possible.



中文翻译:

艾哈迈达巴德和古瓦哈提周围城市水域中的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 幽灵:印度两个城市的故事

COVID-19 阳性患者可以通过粪便和尿液摄入活的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒和病毒基因组片段,这引起了人们对病毒通过粪-口途径和/或受污染的雾化水传播的担忧。这些担忧在许多低收入和中等收入国家更加严重,在这些国家,未经处理的污水经常被排放到地表水道,露天排便很普遍。尽管如此,尚无证据表明 COVID-19 通过城市周围的水体传播,而且这种水体基质中的病毒活力被认为是微乎其微的,无需担心。在这份手稿中,我们试图辨别两个印度城市即艾哈迈达巴德( AMD), 在印度西部有 9 个污水处理厂 (WWTP) 和古瓦哈提 (GHY),在该国东北部没有此类处理设施。进行本研究是为了确定COVID-19 的环境水监测 (E-wat-Surveillance)作为社区层面公共卫生监测的潜在工具。分别有 25.8% 和 20% 的城市水样在 AMD 和 GHY 中检测到 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 载量。在 AMD 的城市地表水中很容易检测到 N 基因 > S 基因 > ORF-1ab 基因,而在 GHY 的情况下没有注意到这种可观察到的趋势。在城市水域中发现的高浓度 SARS-CoV-2 基因(例如,ORF-1ab;Sabarmati 河、AMD 和 S 基因为 800 拷贝/L;Bharalu 城市河流为 565 拷贝/L,GHY)表明污水处理厂确实并不总能完全去除病毒遗传物质,并且可以在卫生条件差的城市/农村地区对 COVID-19 进行 E-wat-Surveillance。

更新日期:2021-09-30
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