Citrobacter rodentium, a natural mouse pathogen which colonises the colon of immuno-competent mice, provides a robust model for interrogating host-pathogen-microbiota interactions in vivo. This model has been key to providing new insights into local host responses to enteric infection, including changes in intestinal epithelial cell immunometabolism and mucosal immunity. C. rodentium injects 31 bacterial effectors into epithelial cells via a type III secretion system (T3SS). Recently, these effectors were shown to be able to form multiple intracellular subnetworks which can withstand significant contractions whilst maintaining virulence. Here we highlight recent advances in understanding gut mucosal responses to infection and effector biology, as well as potential uses for artificial intelligence (AI) in understanding infectious disease and speculate on the role of T3SS effector networks in host adaption.

啮齿类柠檬酸杆菌是一种在免疫能力强的小鼠结肠中定殖的天然小鼠病原体，为研究体内宿主-病原体-微生物群的相互作用提供了一个可靠的模型。该模型对于为局部宿主对肠道感染的反应提供新的见解至关重要，包括肠上皮细胞免疫代谢和粘膜免疫的变化。C. 啮齿目通过 III 型分泌系统 (T3SS) 将 31 种细菌效应物注入上皮细胞。最近，这些效应器被证明能够形成多个细胞内子网络，这些子网络可以承受显着的收缩，同时保持毒力。在这里，我们重点介绍了解肠道黏膜对感染和效应生物学的反应的最新进展，以及人工智能 (AI) 在了解传染病方面的潜在用途，并推测 T3SS 效应网络在宿主适应中的作用。