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Geneva® Series Rootstocks for Apple Trees Under Extreme Replanting Conditions in Southern Brazil.
Frontiers in Plant Science ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-30 , DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712162
Leo Rufato 1 , Pricila Santos da Silva 1 , Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar 1 , Amauri Bogo 1 , Tiago Afonso de Macedo 1 , Juliana Fátima Welter 1 , Gennaro Fazio 2 , Daiana Petry 3
Affiliation  

Geneva® rootstocks in Brazil are known to be efficient in controlling vigor, and are precocious and resistant to diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of apple tree cultivars grafted on the Geneva® rootstocks in severe replant disease areas, by planting 60 days after the eradication. The experiments were implemented in 2017, in São Joaquim and Vacaria. The Gala Select and Fuji Suprema cultivars were grafted onto 'G.202', 'G.814', 'G.210', and 'G.213' rootstocks in the Tall Spindle training system. In 2018/2019, total thinning was carried out to promote plant growth. In São Joaquim, partial thinning was carried out in 2019/2020 harvest of 'Gala Select'. The rootstocks were divided into two groups based on vigor, for both areas and cultivars. 'G.202' and 'G.213' were 40% less vigorous than 'G.210' and 'G.814'. For 'Gala Select', the extreme non-fallow condition mainly affected the vigor and productivity of 'G.213' in both areas. At the end of two harvests, 'G.213' was 17% less productive than 'G.210', contrary to what is observed in areas where the fallow period is respected. However, 'G.213' confirmed a greater yield efficiency, which was 27% higher than 'G.210'. This suggests that a perspective of forecasting production for the third crop is higher for 'G.213' than for 'G.210'. In the case of 'Fuji Suprema', the G.210 rootstock was the most productive in both areas. In São Joaquim, 'G.202' matched 'G.210' in productivity and efficiency as it sprouts better in colder regions. Considering the fruit quality, 'G.213' anticipated the maturation with fruits of larger size and higher total soluble solids (TSS) in both areas and cultivars, making it possible to anticipate the harvest. It was concluded that the non-fallow condition does not alter the relative differences in vigor and fruit quality among the rootstocks. However, notwithstanding the overall replant tolerance of these rootstocks, it does reduce productivity by mainly affecting less vigorous rootstocks that need about three crops to overcome the allelopathic effects of the soil and start growing normally. The G.210 semi-dwarfing rootstock is an alternative for the immediate conversion of apple orchards of Gala Select and Fuji Suprema cultivars in southern Brazil.

中文翻译:

用于巴西南部极端再植条件下苹果树的Geneva® 系列砧木。

众所周知,巴西的Geneva®砧木能有效控制活力,并且早熟且抗病。本研究的目的是通过在根除后 60 天种植来评估嫁接在日内瓦®砧木上的苹果树品种在重植病害地区的性能。这些实验于 2017 年在 São Joaquim 和 Vacaria 实施。Gala Select 和 Fuji Suprema 品种在 Tall Spindle 训练系统中嫁接到“G.202”、“G.814”、“G.210”和“G.213”砧木上。2018/2019年度进行全株间伐,促进植株生长。在 São Joaquim,2019/2020 年收获的“Gala Select”进行了部分间伐。砧木根据活力分为地区和品种两组。“G.202”和“G.213” 比“G.210”和“G.814”低 40%。对于'Gala Select',极端的非休耕条件主要影响了'G.213'在两个区域的活力和生产力。在两次收获结束时,'G.213' 的产量比 'G.210' 低 17%,这与尊重休耕期的地区观察到的情况相反。然而,“G.213”证实了更高的产量效率,比“G.210”高出 27%。这表明“G.213”的第三季产量预测高于“G.210”。在'Fuji Suprema' 的案例中,G.210 砧木在这两个区域中的产量最高。在 São Joaquim,“G.202”在生产力和效率方面与“G.210”不相上下,因为它在较冷的地区发芽得更好。考虑到果实质量,'G.213' 预计在区域和品种中成熟时果实尺寸更大,总可溶性固形物 (TSS) 更高,从而有可能预测收获。得出的结论是,非休耕条件不会改变砧木之间活力和果实质量的相对差异。然而,尽管这些砧木具有整体的再植耐受性,但它确实会降低生产力,因为它主要影响需要大约三种作物才能克服土壤的化感作用并开始正常生长的不太旺盛的砧木。G.210 半矮化砧木是巴西南部 Gala Select 和 Fuji Suprema 品种苹果园立即转化的替代品。预计在两个地区和品种中都会有更大尺寸和更高总可溶性固体 (TSS) 的果实成熟,从而有可能预测收获。得出的结论是,非休耕条件不会改变砧木之间活力和果实质量的相对差异。然而,尽管这些砧木具有整体的再植耐受性,但它确实会降低生产力,因为它主要影响需要大约三种作物才能克服土壤的化感作用并开始正常生长的不太旺盛的砧木。G.210 半矮化砧木是巴西南部 Gala Select 和 Fuji Suprema 品种苹果园立即转化的替代品。预计在两个地区和品种中都会有更大尺寸和更高总可溶性固体 (TSS) 的果实成熟,从而有可能预测收获。得出的结论是,非休耕条件不会改变砧木之间活力和果实质量的相对差异。然而,尽管这些砧木具有整体的再植耐受性,但它确实会降低生产力,因为它主要影响需要大约三种作物才能克服土壤的化感作用并开始正常生长的不太旺盛的砧木。G.210 半矮化砧木是巴西南部 Gala Select 和 Fuji Suprema 品种苹果园立即转化的替代品。得出的结论是,非休耕条件不会改变砧木之间活力和果实质量的相对差异。然而,尽管这些砧木具有整体的再植耐受性,但它确实会降低生产力,因为它主要影响需要大约三种作物才能克服土壤的化感作用并开始正常生长的不太旺盛的砧木。G.210 半矮化砧木是巴西南部 Gala Select 和 Fuji Suprema 品种苹果园立即转化的替代品。得出的结论是,非休耕条件不会改变砧木之间活力和果实质量的相对差异。然而,尽管这些砧木具有整体的再植耐受性,但它确实会降低生产力,因为它主要影响需要大约三种作物才能克服土壤的化感作用并开始正常生长的不太旺盛的砧木。G.210 半矮化砧木是巴西南部 Gala Select 和 Fuji Suprema 品种苹果园立即转化的替代品。它确实会降低生产力,因为它主要影响需要大约三种作物才能克服土壤的化感作用并开始正常生长的不太旺盛的砧木。G.210 半矮化砧木是巴西南部 Gala Select 和 Fuji Suprema 品种苹果园立即转化的替代品。它确实会降低生产力,因为它主要影响需要大约三种作物才能克服土壤的化感作用并开始正常生长的不太旺盛的砧木。G.210 半矮化砧木是巴西南部 Gala Select 和 Fuji Suprema 品种苹果园立即转化的替代品。
更新日期:2021-08-30
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