Using a nationwide survey of primary grocery shoppers conducted in August 2020, we examine household food spending when the economy had partially reopened and consumers had different spending opportunities in comparison to when the Covid-19 lockdown began. We estimate the impact of Covid-19 on household spending using interval and Order Probit regressions. Income levels, age, access to grocery stores and farmers markets, household demographic information, along with other independent variables are controlled in the model. Findings show that middle-class households (with income below $50,000, or with income between $50,000 and $99,999) are less likely to increase their grocery expenditures during the pandemic. Households with children or elderlies that usually require higher food quality and nutrition intakes had a higher probability of increasing their spending during Covid-19 than before. Furthermore, consumers' spending behaviors were also significantly affected by their safe handing levels and the Covid-19 severity and food accessibility in their residences.

中文翻译：

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Covid-19 对美国家庭食品有何影响？六个月的分析。

我们利用 2020 年 8 月对全国范围内的主要杂货购物者进行的调查，研究了经济部分重新开放时的家庭食品支出，以及与 Covid-19 封锁开始时相比，消费者拥有不同支出机会时的家庭食品支出。我们使用区间回归和阶概率回归来估计 Covid-19 对家庭支出的影响。模型中控制了收入水平、年龄、进入杂货店和农贸市场、家庭人口统计信息以及其他自变量。调查结果显示，中产阶级家庭（收入低于 50,000 美元，或收入在 50,000 美元至 99,999 美元之间）在大流行期间增加杂货支出的可能性较小。有儿童或老人的家庭通常需要更高的食品质量和营养摄入量，在 Covid-19 期间增加支出的可能性比以前更高。此外，消费者的消费行为也受到安全处理水平、Covid-19 严重程度以及住宅内食品可及性的显着影响。