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Functional Organization of Extraocular Motoneurons and Eye Muscles
Annual Review of Vision Science ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-15 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100119-125043
Anja K E Horn 1 , Hans Straka 2
Affiliation  

Eye movements are indispensable for visual image stabilization during self-generated and passive head and body motion and for visual orientation. Eye muscles and neuronal control elements are evolutionarily conserved, with novel behavioral repertoires emerging during the evolution of frontal eyes and foveae. The precise execution of eye movements with different dynamics is ensured by morphologically diverse yet complementary sets of extraocular muscle fibers and associated motoneurons. Singly and multiply innervated muscle fibers are controlled by motoneuronal subpopulations with largely selective premotor inputs from task-specific ocular motor control centers. The morphological duality of the neuromuscular interface is matched by complementary biochemical and molecular features that collectively assign different physiological properties to the motor entities. In contrast, the functionality represents a continuum where most motor elements contribute to any type of eye movement, although within preferential dynamic ranges, suggesting that signal transmission and muscle contractions occur within bands of frequency-selective pathways.

中文翻译:


眼外运动神经元和眼部肌肉的功能组织

眼球运动对于自生和被动头部和身体运动期间的视觉图像稳定以及视觉定向是必不可少的。眼部肌肉和神经元控制元件在进化上是保守的,在额眼和中央凹的进化过程中出现了新的行为库。通过形态多样但互补的眼外肌纤维和相关运动神经元组确保精确执行具有不同动力学的眼球运动。单个和多个受神经支配的肌纤维由运动神经元亚群控制,这些亚群具有来自特定任务的眼运动控制中心的大部分选择性前运动输入。神经肌肉界面的形态二元性与互补的生化和分子特征相匹配,这些特征共同为运动实体分配不同的生理特性。相比之下,该功能代表了一个连续统一体,其中大多数运动元素有助于任何类型的眼球运动,尽管在优先的动态范围内,这表明信号传输和肌肉收缩发生在频率选择通路的频带内。

更新日期:2021-09-17
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