Wearable solar radiation sensors based on ionic hydrogels are facilely prepared to simultaneously monitor the radiation dose for the production of vitamin D and the prevention of sunburn. Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) is neutralized with acrylic acid (AA) to obtain tetramethylethylenediamine acrylate (TEMEDA), which is further polymerized with acrylamide by a free radical reaction. By simply adding MB or NR during the polymerization, the final obtained ionic hydrogels can indicate solar radiation. Due to the extent of discoloration, the discoloration speed of MB and NR is correlated to the radiation dose. This wearable sensor can indicate the solar radiation dose required by the human body to synthesize vitamin D through the discoloration of the ionized hydrogel of MB, whereas those with NR are able to illustrate the threshold of radiation dose that causes potential skin hurt. Therefore, the benefit and drawback of solar radiation can be well balanced by optimizing the exposure time to solar irradiation. In addition, polyurethane cross-linked with a thermoresponsive coating is used as band for this wearable sensor. Due to the hydrophilicity below its transition temperature, the cross-linked band possesses the easy cleaning capability of stains after the daily wear. Such type of wearable sensor can be broadly used for monitoring the solar radiation, especially in outdoor activities.

中文翻译：

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基于离子水凝胶的可穿戴传感器监测太阳辐射剂量以生产维生素 D 和预防晒伤

基于离子水凝胶的可穿戴太阳辐射传感器可以轻松地同时监测产生维生素 D 和预防晒伤的辐射剂量。四甲基乙二胺（TEMED）用丙烯酸（AA）中和得到四甲基乙二胺丙烯酸酯（TEMEDA），再与丙烯酰胺通过自由基反应聚合。通过在聚合过程中简单地添加 MB 或 NR，最终获得的离子水凝胶可以指示太阳辐射。由于变色程度，MB和NR的变色速度与辐射剂量相关。这种可穿戴传感器可以通过MB的电离水凝胶变色来指示人体合成维生素D所需的太阳辐射剂量，而那些有 NR 的人能够说明导致潜在皮肤伤害的辐射剂量阈值。因此，通过优化太阳辐射的曝光时间，可以很好地平衡太阳辐射的利弊。此外，与热响应涂层交联的聚氨酯被用作这种可穿戴传感器的带。由于低于其转变温度的亲水性，交联带在日常佩戴后具有易于清洁污渍的能力。这种类型的可穿戴传感器可广泛用于监测太阳辐射，尤其是在户外活动中。与热响应涂层交联的聚氨酯被用作这种可穿戴传感器的带子。由于低于其转变温度的亲水性，交联带在日常佩戴后具有易于清洁污渍的能力。这种类型的可穿戴传感器可广泛用于监测太阳辐射，尤其是在户外活动中。与热响应涂层交联的聚氨酯被用作这种可穿戴传感器的带子。由于低于其转变温度的亲水性，交联带在日常佩戴后具有易于清洁污渍的能力。这种类型的可穿戴传感器可广泛用于监测太阳辐射，尤其是在户外活动中。