Sand-dust events (SDE) are an increasing concern in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world, which have severely damaged air quality and human health in recent years. This study was conducted to monitor the SDE in western Iran using the dust storm index anomaly (DSIA) during 2000–2018. The spatio-temporal change detection and statistical analysis were used to understand the impacts of normalized difference vegetation cover anomaly (NDVIA) and land surface temperature anomaly (LSTA) on the SDE activities. The area has suffered from the highest dust pollution in 2004, 2009, and 2012 (DSIA>+40) while it experienced the lowest dust pollution in 2002 and 2017 (DSIA<−40). Approximately 48% of western Iran experienced decreasing changes and 52% of the total area experienced increasing changes in dust pollution during 2010–2018 compared to the previous years. Incremental changes in NDVIA and LSTA were observed in 73.2% and 7.5% of the study area while their decreasing changes were observed in 26.8% and 92.5% of the total area, respectively. Spatially, regions affected by the increase in dust pollution are mainly distributed in the eastern and southern regions of the study area. Significant effects of changes in anomalies of both terrestrial parameters on DSIA were observed throughout the study period ((R_LSTA-DSIA= +0.52; R_NDVIA-DSIA= −0.41); P<0.05). It was also found that spatial correlation between LSTA and DSIA, as well as NDVIA and DSIA in many parts of the study area, was significant at the 95% confidence level (|R| > 0.45). These findings can be useful for decision-makers to assess the risks of dust pollution and reduce its negative consequences in western Iran.

沙尘事件（SDE）在世界许多干旱和半干旱地区日益受到关注，近年来严重损害了空气质量和人类健康。本研究旨在利用 2000-2018 年期间的沙尘暴指数异常 ( DSIA ) 监测伊朗西部的 SDE。通过时空变化检测和统计分析，了解归一化植被覆盖异常（NDVIA）和地表温度异常（LSTA）对SDE活动的影响。该地区在 2004 年、2009 年和 2012 年遭受了最高扬尘污染（DSIA >+40），而在 2002 年和 2017 年经历了最低扬尘污染（DSIA<-40)。与前几年相比，2010-2018 年期间，伊朗西部约 48% 的地区经历了减少的变化，52% 的总面积经历了增加的尘埃污染变化。在 73.2% 和 7.5% 的研究区域中观察到 NDVIA 和 LSTA 的增量变化，而在总面积的 26.8% 和 92.5% 中观察到它们的下降变化分别。从空间上看，受沙尘污染增加影响的区域主要分布在研究区的东部和南部地区。在整个研究期间观察到两种陆地参数异常变化对DSIA的显着影响（（ R _{LSTA - DSIA} = +0.52；R _{NDVIA - DSIA} = -0.41）；P <0.05）。还发现LSTA和DSIA之间的空间相关性，以及研究区域许多地方的NDVIA和DSIA，在95%的置信水平（| R | > 0.45）是显着的。这些发现有助于决策者评估沙尘污染的风险并减少其在伊朗西部的负面影响。