Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming integrated into military Command and Control (C2) systems as a strategic priority for many defence forces. The successful implementation of AI is promising to herald a significant leap in C2 agility through automation. However, realistic expectations need to be set on what AI can achieve in the foreseeable future. This paper will argue that AI could lead to a fragility trap, whereby the delegation of C2 functions to an AI could increase the fragility of C2, resulting in catastrophic strategic failures. This calls for a new framework for AI in C2 to avoid this trap. We will argue that antifragility along with agility should form the core design principles for AI-enabled C2 systems. This duality is termed Agile, Antifragile, AI-Enabled Command and Control (A3IC2). An A3IC2 system continuously improves its capacity to perform in the face of shocks and surprises through overcompensation from feedback during the C2 decision-making cycle. An A3IC2 system will not only be able to survive within a complex operational environment, it will also thrive, benefiting from the inevitable shocks and volatility of war.

中文翻译：

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敏捷、反脆弱、人工智能支持、命令和控制

人工智能 (AI) 正迅速整合到军事指挥与控制 (C2) 系统中，成为许多国防军的战略重点。人工智能的成功实施有望通过自动化预示着 C2 敏捷性的重大飞跃。然而，需要对人工智能在可预见的未来可以实现的目标设定现实的期望。本文将论证 AI 可能导致脆弱性陷阱，将 C2 功能委托给 AI 可能会增加 C2 的脆弱性，从而导致灾难性的战略失败。这需要一个新的 C2 人工智能框架来避免这个陷阱。我们将争辩说，反脆弱性和敏捷性应该构成支持 AI 的 C2 系统的核心设计原则。这种二元性被称为敏捷、反脆弱、支持 AI 的命令和控制 (A3IC2)。A3IC2 系统通过在 C2 决策周期中的反馈过度补偿，不断提高其应对冲击和意外的能力。A3IC2 系统不仅能够在复杂的作战环境中生存，而且还能够从战争不可避免的冲击和波动中受益。