Metronidazole (MTZ) is an antibacterial drug, which is frequently detected in wastewater, resulting in pathogen-resistance and mutagenicity. Therefore, MTZ removal is a serious challenge. In this research work, the visible-light-driven Z-scheme CuWO₄/Bi₂S₃ heterojunction with optimized weight percentage (7%wt) was evaluated for MTZ degradation under LED radiation in batch and continues reactor. The effect of operational factors such as MTZ concentration (10–30 ppm), catalyst dose (0.4–1 mg/L), pH (3–9) and illumination time (90–150 min) on MTZ degradation efficiency was investigated through response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum values of the operating parameters were found to be as: irradiation time = 150 min, pH = 3, MTZ concentration of 10 ppm and catalyst dose = 0.7 g/L. The utmost degradation efficiencies were obtained 79% and 84%, respectively, in batch and continues flow mode at the optimum conditions. Thereafter, the effect of immobilization of the binary composite on FTO was studied at the obtained optimum conditions. The effect of temperature and light intensity on photocatalytic performance was also investigated, and the optimal values were found to be 25 °C and 400 W/m², respectively. The mineralization of MTZ was investigated through TOC removal rates with the maximum value of 61.32%. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to detect the photodegradation intermediates. The kinetic study of MTZ degradation by the binary composite followed the pseudo-first order by the reaction rate of 2 times greater than pristine Bi₂S₃. The main active species were found to be hydroxyl radical and superoxide by the trapping test method. The binary heterojunction demonstrated high durability and stability after five cycles. This work recommends a promising heterojunction for MTZ photodegradation.

甲硝唑（MTZ）是一种抗菌药物，经常在废水中检测到，导致病原体抗性和致突变性。因此，MTZ 移除是一项严峻的挑战。在这项研究工作中，可见光驱动的 Z 型 CuWO ₄ / Bi ₂ S ₃对具有优化重量百分比 (7% wt) 的异质结在 LED 辐射下分批和连续反应器的 MTZ 降解进行了评估。通过响应研究MTZ浓度（10-30 ppm）、催化剂剂量（0.4-1 mg / L）、pH（3-9）和光照时间（90-150 min）等操作因素对MTZ降解效率的影响表面方法 (RSM)。发现操作参数的最佳值为：辐照时间=150分钟，pH=3，MTZ浓度10ppm，催化剂剂量=0.7g/L。在最佳条件下，分批和连续流动模式的最大降解效率分别为 79% 和 84%。此后，在获得的最佳条件下研究了固定二元复合材料对 FTO 的影响。²、分别。通过TOC去除率考察MTZ的矿化，最大值为61.32%。气相色谱-质谱分析用于检测光降解中间体。二元复合材料对MTZ降解的动力学研究遵循伪一级反应速率比原始Bi ₂ S ₃大2倍的反应速率。捕集试验发现主要活性物质为羟基自由基和超氧化物。二元异质结在五次循环后表现出高耐久性和稳定性。这项工作为 MTZ 光降解推荐了一种有前途的异质结。