Air pollution is a public health issue of global importance and a risk factor for developing cardiorespiratory diseases. These contaminants induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, triggering the inflammatory response that alters cell and tissue homeostasis and facilitates the development of diseases. The effects of air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM0.1), and indoor air pollutants on respiratory health have been widely reported. For instance, epidemiological and experimental studies have shown associations between hospital admissions for individual diseases and increased air pollutant levels. This review describes the association and relationships between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory viral infections, especially those caused by the respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus. The evidence suggests that exposure to air contaminants induces inflammatory states, modulates the immune system, and increases molecules’ expression that favors respiratory viruses’ pathogenesis and affects the respiratory system. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions have not yet been fully elucidated, so it is necessary to develop new studies to obtain information that will allow health and policy decisions to be made for the adequate control of respiratory infections, especially in the most vulnerable population, during periods of maximum air pollution.

空气污染是一个具有全球重要性的公共卫生问题，也是发生心肺疾病的危险因素。这些污染物会诱导活性氧 (ROS) 和增加的促炎细胞因子如 IL-1β、IL-6 和 IL-8，从而引发改变细胞和组织稳态并促进疾病发展的炎症反应。臭氧、颗粒物（PM10、PM2.5 和 PM0.1）和室内空气污染物等空气污染物对呼吸系统健康的影响已被广泛报道。例如，流行病学和实验研究表明，个别疾病住院与空气污染物水平增加之间存在关联。这篇综述描述了暴露于空气污染物和呼吸道病毒感染之间的关联和关系，尤其是由呼吸道合胞病毒和流感病毒引起的。证据表明，暴露于空气污染物会诱发炎症状态，调节免疫系统，并增加有利于呼吸道病毒发病机制并影响呼吸系统的分子表达。然而，这些相互作用背后的机制尚未完全阐明，因此有必要开展新的研究以获得信息，以便做出健康和政策决策以充分控制呼吸道感染，特别是在最脆弱的人群中，在空气污染最严重的时期。并增加有利于呼吸道病毒发病机制并影响呼吸系统的分子的表达。然而，这些相互作用背后的机制尚未完全阐明，因此有必要开展新的研究以获得信息，以便做出健康和政策决策以充分控制呼吸道感染，特别是在最脆弱的人群中，在空气污染最严重的时期。并增加有利于呼吸道病毒发病机制并影响呼吸系统的分子的表达。然而，这些相互作用背后的机制尚未完全阐明，因此有必要开展新的研究以获得信息，以便做出健康和政策决策以充分控制呼吸道感染，特别是在最脆弱的人群中，在空气污染最严重的时期。