This study investigated how acoustic and lexical word-level factors and listener-level factors of auditory thresholds and cognitive-linguistic processing contribute to the microstructure of sentence recognition in unmodulated and speech-modulated noise. The modulation depth of the modulated masker was changed by expanding and compressing the temporal envelope to control glimpsing opportunities. Younger adults with normal hearing (YNH) and older adults with normal and impaired hearing were tested. A second group of YNH was tested under acoustically identical conditions to the hearing-impaired group, who received spectral shaping. For all of the groups, speech recognition declined and masking release increased for later keywords in the sentence, which is consistent with the word position decreases in the signal-to-noise ratio. The acoustic glimpse proportion and lexical word frequency of individual keywords predicted recognition under different noise conditions. For the older adults, better auditory thresholds and better working memory abilities facilitated sentence recognition. Vocabulary knowledge contributed more to sentence recognition for younger than for older adults. These results demonstrate that acoustic and lexical factors contribute to the recognition of individual words within a sentence, but relative contributions vary based on the noise modulation characteristics. Taken together, acoustic, lexical, and listener factors contribute to how individuals recognize keywords during sentences.

中文翻译：

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在噪声中浏览句子中的关键字：声学、词汇和听者因素的微观结构分析

本研究调查了听觉阈值和认知语言处理的声学和词汇词级因素以及听者级因素如何影响未调制和语音调制噪声中句子识别的微观结构。通过扩展和压缩时间包络来改变调制掩蔽器的调制深度以控制瞥见机会。对听力正常的年轻人 (YNH) 和听力正常和受损的老年人进行了测试。第二组 YNH 在与听力受损组相同的声学条件下进行了测试，后者接受了频谱整形。对于所有组，对于句子中后面的关键字，语音识别下降并且掩蔽释放增加，这与信噪比中词位置降低一致。单个关键词的声学瞥见比例和词汇词频预测不同噪声条件下的识别。对于老年人来说，更好的听觉阈值和更好的工作记忆能力有助于句子识别。词汇知识对年轻人的句子识别贡献大于对老年人的贡献。这些结果表明，声学和词汇因素有助于识别句子中的单个单词，但相对贡献因噪声调制特性而异。综合起来，声学、词汇和听众因素有助于个人在句子中识别关键字的方式。更好的听觉阈值和更好的工作记忆能力有助于句子识别。词汇知识对年轻人的句子识别贡献大于对老年人的贡献。这些结果表明，声学和词汇因素有助于识别句子中的单个单词，但相对贡献因噪声调制特性而异。综合起来，声学、词汇和听众因素有助于个人在句子中识别关键字的方式。更好的听觉阈值和更好的工作记忆能力有助于句子识别。词汇知识对年轻人的句子识别贡献大于对老年人的贡献。这些结果表明，声学和词汇因素有助于识别句子中的单个单词，但相对贡献因噪声调制特性而异。综合起来，声学、词汇和听众因素有助于个人在句子中识别关键字的方式。但相对贡献因噪声调制特性而异。综合起来，声学、词汇和听众因素有助于个人在句子中识别关键字的方式。但相对贡献因噪声调制特性而异。综合起来，声学、词汇和听众因素有助于个人在句子中识别关键字的方式。