From 1940 to 1980, studies of medical education were foundational to sociology, but attention shifted away from medical training in the late 1980s. Recently, there has been a marked return to this once pivotal topic, reflecting new questions and stakes. This article traces this resurgence by reviewing recent substantive research trends and setting the agenda for future research. We summarize four current research foci that reflect and critically map onto earlier projects in this subfield while driving theoretical development elsewhere in the larger discipline: (1) professional socialization, (2) knowledge regimes, (3) stratification within the profession, and (4) sociology of the field of medical education. We then offer six potential future directions where more research is needed: (1) inequalities in medical education, (2) socialization across the life course and new institutional forms of gatekeeping, (3) provider well-being, (4) globalization, (5) medical education as knowledge-based work, and (6) effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

从 1940 年到 1980 年，医学教育研究是社会学的基础，但在 80 年代后期，注意力从医学培训转移。最近，这个曾经的关键话题明显回归，反映了新的问题和利害关系。本文通过回顾最近的实质性研究趋势并为未来研究设定议程来追溯这种复苏。我们总结了四个当前的研究重点，它们反映并批判性地映射到该子领域的早期项目，同时推动了更大学科其他领域的理论发展：（1）专业社会化，（2）知识体系，（3）专业内部的分层，以及（4 ）医学教育领域的社会学。然后，我们提供了需要更多研究的六个潜在的未来方向：（1）医学教育中的不平等，