The challenges of a changing climate have directed greater attention to afforestation, but the effects of afforestation on soil fertility and soil biota have not been fully clarified. To explore changes in the soil conditions in two 20-year-old forest plantations established in formerly intensively fertilized plots of agricultural land, we focused on the current developmental state of the sites that received the most fertilizer and evaluated soil properties and Collembola (springtails) communities. Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) that had been planted in the afforestation sites were assessed for differences between plantations of native and invasive species. Five adjacent reference associations, including forests and open habitats, were also analyzed and compared. Results showed that the soils in the two afforested sites were similar in their properties and Collembola communities to those of the control cultivated forests, but differed from each other in pH, calcium, phosphorus, and ammonium content. The available potassium and phosphorus contents in the soil of the sessile oak plantation were still high, while the soil organic matter content was adequate (SOM > 2.0%) in both plantations. Species richness of Collembola ranged from 18 in the cultivated arable land to 43 in the relict forest. Only a few species typical for forests (e.g., Neanura muscorum, Isotomiella minor, Entomobrya muscorum) were detected in the young plantations, while species characteristic of open habitats (e.g., Protaphorura campata, Lepidocyrtus cyaneus) occurred as well. Although more individuals and species of Collembola were present in the soil of young plantations than in arable fields, their community diversities were significantly lower compared to the control forest stands. Collembola community diversity differed significantly also between the two plantation types (with native and non-native tree species). Mean abundance in the afforested sites was about 2.5 times higher than in the cultivated arable land, yet far lower than the mean abundance in the control forests.

气候变化带来的挑战促使人们更加关注植树造林，但植树造林对土壤肥力和土壤生物群的影响尚未完全阐明。为了探索在以前密集施肥的农田地块上建立的两个 20 年历史的人工林土壤条件的变化，我们重点关注获得最多肥料的地点的当前发展状况，并评估了土壤特性和弹尾虫（跳虫）社区。无柄栎（Quercus petraea）和刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia ）) 已种植在造林地点的本地和入侵物种的种植园之间的差异进行了评估。还分析和比较了五个相邻的参考协会，包括森林和开阔的栖息地。结果表明，两个造林地的土壤在性质和弹尾虫群落方面与对照人工林相似，但在 pH 值、钙、磷和铵含量方面存在差异。无柄橡树人工林土壤速效钾和磷含量仍然较高，而两个人工林土壤有机质含量均充足（SOM > 2.0%）。弹尾鱼的物种丰富度从可耕地的18种到荒林的43种不等。只有少数典型的森林物种（例如，Neanura muscorum , Isotomiella minor , Entomobrya muscorum ) 在年轻的人工林中被检测到，而开放栖息地的特征物种（例如Protaphorura campata、Lepidocyrtus cyaneus）也出现了。尽管与可耕地相比，年轻种植园土壤中存在更多弹尾虫个体和物种，但与对照林分相比，它们的群落多样性显着降低。弹尾虫群落多样性在两种人工林类型（本地和非本地树种）之间也存在显着差异。造林地的平均丰度比耕地高约2.5倍，但远低于对照林的平均丰度。