Electric mobility is gaining importance on pursuing decarbonisation of transport sector. In this context, electric tramways are recognised as a clean urban collective conveyance. Strong evidences manifest the advantages of storage systems in tramway applications. Despite its apparent benefits, the planning of such kind of systems for tramway applications has received few attention in literature. This work aims at filling this gap. To this end, a novel optimization framework for planning hybrid storage systems (batteries + super-capacitors) for tramway applications on either wayside or on-board configurations is developed, which incorporates an energy management tool to effectively coordinate the different storage technologies. Specific issues related with high resolution tramway demand measurements are addressed by using data dimensionality reduction techniques and temporal representation by representative trips. The new proposal is validated for a real Cuenca - Ecuador tramway for which extensive simulations are carried out with different storage system layouts (super-capacitors, super-capacitors + batteries), and configurations (wayside and on-board) including different electrochemical batteries technologies (lead-acid, nickel cadmium and lithium ion). The results obtained show the benefits of storage systems in tramway facilities (in fact, the total cost of the project can be reduced by 71%), highlighting the importance of fast-acting technologies such as super-capacitors to handle high peak demand consumptions, while batteries are primarily dedicated to providing backup long-term storage capacity. Wayside and on-board configurations are also compared, revealing that total weight of the storage system suppose the main barrier for large capacity installation in on-board layouts.

电动汽车在追求交通部门的脱碳方面变得越来越重要。在此背景下，有轨电车被公认为清洁的城市集体交通工具。有力的证据证明了存储系统在有轨电车应用中的优势。尽管有明显的好处，但这种有轨电车应用系统的规划在文献中很少受到关注。这项工作旨在填补这一空白。为此，开发了一种用于规划混合存储系统（电池 + 超级电容器）的新型优化框架，用于路边或车载配置的有轨电车应用，该框架结合了能源管理工具以有效协调不同的存储技术。通过使用数据降维技术和代表性行程的时间表示来解决与高分辨率电车需求测量相关的特定问题。新提案针对真正的昆卡 - 厄瓜多尔有轨电车进行了验证，针对不同的存储系统布局（超级电容器、超级电容器 + 电池）和配置（路边和车载）进行了广泛的模拟，包括不同的电化学电池技术（铅酸、镍镉和锂离子）。获得的结果显示了有轨电车设施中存储系统的好处（实际上，该项目的总成本可以降低 71%），突出了超级电容器等快速反应技术在处理高峰需求消耗方面的重要性，而电池主要用于提供备用的长期存储容量。还比较了路边和车载配置，表明存储系统的总重量是车载布局中大容量安装的主要障碍。