Cell-based therapies could overcome the limitations of traditional drugs for the treatment of refractory diseases. Cell exchange between the bone marrow and blood is bidirectional. Several kinds of cells in the blood have the capability to enter the bone marrow by interacting with sinusoidal cells under specific physiological or pathological conditions. These cells are the potential living therapeutics or delivery vehicles to treat or prevent bone marrow-related hematologic diseases. In this review, we summarized the in vivo molecular mechanisms and kinetics of these cells in entering the bone marrow. The advances in the fabrication of living cell drugs and the strategies to design cell-based carriers into the bone marrow were discussed. The latest studies on how to use blood cells as living drugs or as drug carriers to improve therapeutic outcomes of hematologic diseases inside the bone marrow were highlighted.

基于细胞的疗法可以克服传统药物治疗难治性疾病的局限性。骨髓和血液之间的细胞交换是双向的。在特定的生理或病理条件下，血液中的几种细胞具有通过与血窦细胞相互作用而进入骨髓的能力。这些细胞是治疗或预防骨髓相关血液病的潜在活体疗法或递送载体。在这篇综述中，我们总结了体内这些细胞进入骨髓的分子机制和动力学。讨论了活细胞药物制造的进展以及将基于细胞的载体设计到骨髓中的策略。重点介绍了如何利用血细胞作为活体药物或药物载体来改善骨髓内血液疾病治疗效果的最新研究。