Anorectal emergencies comprise a wide variety of diseases that share common symptoms, i.e., anorectal pain or bleeding and might require immediate management. While most of the underlying conditions do not need inpatient management, some of them could be life-threatening and need prompt recognition and treatment. It is well known that an incorrect diagnosis is frequent for anorectal diseases and that a delayed diagnosis is related to an impaired outcome. This paper aims to improve the knowledge and the awareness on this specific topic and to provide a useful tool for every physician dealing with anorectal emergencies. The present guidelines have been developed according to the GRADE methodology. To create these guidelines, a panel of experts was designed and charged by the boards of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) to perform a systematic review of the available literature and to provide evidence-based statements with immediate practical application. All the statements were presented and discussed during the WSES-AAST-WJES Consensus Conference on Anorectal Emergencies, and for each statement, a consensus among the WSES-AAST panel of experts was reached. We structured our work into seven main topics to cover the entire management of patients with anorectal emergencies and to provide an up-to-date, easy-to-use tool that can help physicians and surgeons during the decision-making process.

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肛肠急症：WSES-AAST 指南

肛门直肠急症包括多种具有共同症状的疾病，即肛门直肠疼痛或出血，可能需要立即处理。虽然大多数潜在疾病不需要住院治疗，但其中一些可能会危及生命，需要及时识别和治疗。众所周知，肛门直肠疾病的错误诊断很常见，而延迟诊断与结果受损有关。本文旨在提高对该特定主题的知识和认识，并为每位处理肛门直肠急症的医生提供有用的工具。本指南是根据 GRADE 方法制定的。要创建这些指南，由世界急诊外科协会 (WSES) 和美国创伤外科协会 (AAST) 的董事会设计和委托的专家小组对现有文献进行系统审查，并提供基于证据的陈述，并立即提供实际应用。所有声明都在 WSES-AAST-WJES 肛门直肠紧急情况共识会议上进行了介绍和讨论，并且对于每个声明，WSES-AAST 专家小组达成了共识。我们将我们的工作分为七个主要主题，以涵盖肛门直肠急症患者的整个管理，并提供一个最新、易于使用的工具，可以在决策过程中帮助医生和外科医生。