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Current neurologic treatment and emerging therapies in CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-16 , DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09384-z
Heather E Olson 1 , Carolyn I Daniels 1 , Isabel Haviland 1 , Lindsay C Swanson 1 , Caitlin A Greene 1 , Anne Marie M Denny 1, 2 , Scott T Demarest 3, 4 , Elia Pestana-Knight 5 , Xiaoming Zhang 5 , Ahsan N Moosa 5 , Andrea Fidell 3, 4 , Judith L Weisenberg 6 , Bernhard Suter 7 , Cary Fu 8 , Jeffrey L Neul 8 , Alan K Percy 9 , Eric D Marsh 10 , Timothy A Benke 3, 4, 11 , Annapurna Poduri 1
Affiliation  

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is associated with refractory infantile onset epilepsy, global developmental delay, and variable features that include sleep, behavioral disturbances, and movement disorders. Current treatment is primarily symptom-based and informed by experience in caring for this population. We describe medication and non-medication approaches to treatment of epilepsy and additional key neurologic symptoms (sleep disturbances, behavioral issues, movement disorders, and swallowing dysfunction) in a cohort of 177 individuals meeting criteria for CDD, 154 evaluated at 4 CDKL5 Centers of Excellence in the USA and 40 identified through the NIH Natural History Study of Rett and Related Disorders. The four most frequently prescribed anti-seizure medications were broad spectrum, prescribed in over 50% of individuals. While the goal was not to ascertain efficacy, we obtained data from 86 individuals regarding response to treatment, with 2-week response achieved in 14–48% and sustained 3-month response in 5–36%, of those with known response. Additional treatments for seizures included cannabis derivatives, tried in over one-third of individuals, and clinical trial medications. In combination with pharmacological treatment, 50% of individuals were treated with ketogenic diet for attempted seizure control. Surgical approaches included vagus nerve stimulators, functional hemispherectomy, and corpus callosotomy, but numbers were too limited to assess response. Nearly one-third of individuals received pharmacologic treatment for sleep disturbances, 13% for behavioral dysregulation and movement disorders, and 43% had gastrostomy tubes. Treatment for neurologic features of CDD is currently symptom-based and empiric rather than CDD-specific, though clinical trials for CDD are emerging. Epilepsy in this population is highly refractory, and no specific anti-seizure medication was associated with improved seizure control. Ketogenic diet is commonly used in patients with CDD. While behavioral interventions are commonly instituted, information on the use of medications for sleep, behavioral management, and movement disorders is sparse and would benefit from further characterization and optimization of treatment approaches. The heterogeneity in treatment approaches highlights the need for systematic review and guidelines for CDD. Additional disease-specific and disease-modifying treatments are in development.

中文翻译:

CDKL5缺乏症的当前神经系统治疗和新兴疗法

CDKL5 缺乏症 (CDD) 与难治性婴儿发作性癫痫、整体发育迟缓以及包括睡眠、行为障碍和运动障碍在内的可变特征有关。目前的治疗主要是基于症状的,并根据照顾该人群的经验提供信息。我们在一组符合 CDD 标准的 177 人中描述了治疗癫痫和其他关键神经系统症状(睡眠障碍、行为问题、运动障碍和吞咽功能障碍)的药物和非药物方法,其中 154 人在 4 个 CDKL5 卓越中心进行了评估在美国,通过 NIH 的 Rett 及相关疾病自然史研究确定了 40 例。四种最常开的抗癫痫药物是广谱的,超过 50% 的人开处方。虽然目标不是确定疗效,但我们从 86 名个体获得了关于治疗反应的数据,在已知反应的患者中,14-48% 达到 2 周反应,5-36% 达到持续 3 个月反应。癫痫发作的其他治疗方法包括大麻衍生物,超过三分之一的人尝试过,以及临床试验药物。与药物治疗相结合,50% 的个体接受了生酮饮食以试图控制癫痫发作。手术方法包括迷走神经刺激器、功能性半球切除术和胼胝体切开术,但数量太有限而无法评估反应。近三分之一的人因睡眠障碍接受药物治疗,13% 的人因行为失调和运动障碍接受药物治疗,43% 的人接受了胃造口术。CDD 的神经系统特征的治疗目前是基于症状和经验的,而不是 CDD 特异性的,尽管 CDD 的临床试验正在出现。该人群的癫痫症是高度难治的,并且没有特定的抗癫痫药物与改善癫痫发作控制相关。生酮饮食常用于 CDD 患者。虽然通常会采取行为干预措施,但有关使用药物治疗睡眠、行为管理和运动障碍的信息很少,并且将受益于治疗方法的进一步表征和优化。治疗方法的异质性凸显了对 CDD 进行系统评价和指南的必要性。其他疾病特异性和改善疾病的治疗方法正在开发中。尽管 CDD 的临床试验正在兴起。该人群的癫痫症是高度难治的,并且没有特定的抗癫痫药物与改善癫痫发作控制相关。生酮饮食常用于 CDD 患者。虽然通常会采取行为干预措施,但有关使用药物治疗睡眠、行为管理和运动障碍的信息很少,并且将受益于治疗方法的进一步表征和优化。治疗方法的异质性凸显了对 CDD 进行系统评价和指南的必要性。其他疾病特异性和改善疾病的治疗方法正在开发中。尽管 CDD 的临床试验正在兴起。该人群的癫痫症是高度难治的,并且没有特定的抗癫痫药物与改善癫痫发作控制相关。生酮饮食常用于 CDD 患者。虽然通常会采取行为干预措施,但有关使用药物治疗睡眠、行为管理和运动障碍的信息很少,并且将受益于治疗方法的进一步表征和优化。治疗方法的异质性凸显了对 CDD 进行系统评价和指南的必要性。其他疾病特异性和改善疾病的治疗方法正在开发中。生酮饮食常用于 CDD 患者。虽然通常会采取行为干预措施,但有关使用药物治疗睡眠、行为管理和运动障碍的信息很少,并且将受益于治疗方法的进一步表征和优化。治疗方法的异质性凸显了对 CDD 进行系统评价和指南的必要性。其他疾病特异性和改善疾病的治疗方法正在开发中。生酮饮食常用于 CDD 患者。虽然通常会采取行为干预措施,但有关使用药物治疗睡眠、行为管理和运动障碍的信息很少,并且将受益于治疗方法的进一步表征和优化。治疗方法的异质性凸显了对 CDD 进行系统评价和指南的必要性。其他疾病特异性和改善疾病的治疗方法正在开发中。治疗方法的异质性凸显了对 CDD 进行系统评价和指南的必要性。其他疾病特异性和改善疾病的治疗方法正在开发中。治疗方法的异质性凸显了对 CDD 进行系统评价和指南的必要性。其他疾病特异性和改善疾病的治疗方法正在开发中。
更新日期:2021-09-16
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