Public mental health (PMH) aims to improve wellbeing and prevent poor mental health at the population level. It is a global challenge and a UK priority area for action. Communities play an important role in the provision of PMH interventions. However, the evidence base concerning community-based PMH interventions is limited, meaning it is challenging to compare service provision to need. Without this, the efficient and equitable provision of services is hindered. Here, we sought to map the current range of community-based interventions for improving mental health and wellbeing currently provided in England to inform priority areas for policy and service intervention. We adopted an established mapping exercise methodology, comparing service provision with demographic and deprivation statistics. Five local authority areas of England were selected based on differing demographics, mental health needs and wider challenging circumstances (i.e. high deprivation). Community-based interventions were identified through: 1) desk-based research 2) established professional networks 3) chain-referral sampling of individuals involved in local mental health promotion and prevention and 4) peer researchers’ insight. We included all community-based, non-clinical interventions aimed at adult residents operating between July 2019 and May 2020. 407 interventions were identified across the five areas addressing 16 risk/protective factors for PMH. Interventions for social isolation and loneliness were most prevalent, most commonly through social activities and/or befriending services. The most common subpopulations targeted were older adults and people from minority ethnic backgrounds. Interventions focusing on broader structural and environmental determinants were uncommon. There was some evidence of service provision being tailored to local need, though this was inconsistent, meaning some at-risk groups such as men or LGBTQ+ people from minority ethnic backgrounds were missed. Interventions were not consistently evaluated. There was evidence of partial responsiveness to national and local prioritising. Provision was geared mainly towards addressing social and individual determinants of PMH, suggesting more integration is needed to engage wider service providers and policy-makers in PMH strategy and delivery at the community level. The lack of comprehensive evaluation of services to improve PMH needs to be urgently addressed to determine the extent of their effectiveness in communities they serve.

中文翻译：

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改善成人心理健康的社区干预措施：绘制英格兰当地政策和实践

公共心理健康 (PMH) 旨在改善人群的福祉并防止心理健康状况不佳。这是一项全球挑战，也是英国优先采取行动的领域。社区在提供 PMH 干预方面发挥着重要作用。然而，关于基于社区的 PMH 干预的证据基础是有限的，这意味着将服务提供与需求进行比较是具有挑战性的。没有这一点，有效和公平地提供服务就会受到阻碍。在这里，我们试图绘制当前在英格兰提供的改善心理健康和福祉的基于社区的干预措施的范围，以告知政策和服务干预的优先领域。我们采用了既定的绘图练习方法，将服务提供与人口统计和贫困统计进行比较。根据不同的人口统计、心理健康需求和更广泛的挑战性环境（即高度贫困），选择了英格兰的五个地方当局区域。通过以下方式确定基于社区的干预措施：1) 案头研究 2) 建立的专业网络 3) 对参与当地心理健康促进和预防的个人进行链式推荐抽样，以及 4) 同行研究人员的洞察力。我们纳入了 2019 年 7 月至 2020 年 5 月期间针对成年居民的所有基于社区的非临床干预措施。在五个领域确定了 407 项干预措施，涉及 PMH 的 16 个风险/保护因素。对社会孤立和孤独的干预最为普遍，最常见的是通过社交活动和/或交友服务。最常见的目标亚群是老年人和少数族裔背景的人。关注更广泛的结构和环境决定因素的干预措施并不常见。有一些证据表明服务提供是根据当地需求量身定制的，尽管这不一致，这意味着一些有风险的群体，如来自少数族裔背景的男性或 LGBTQ+ 人被遗漏了。干预措施并未得到一致评估。有证据表明对国家和地方的优先排序做出了部分响应。规定主要针对解决 PMH 的社会和个人决定因素，这表明需要更多的整合来让更广泛的服务提供者和政策制定者参与社区层面的 PMH 战略和交付。