Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a treatment-refractory malignancy with poor prognosis. It is urgent to identify novel and valid biomarkers to predict the progress and prognosis of PDAC. The S100A family have been identified as being involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation progression of various cancer types. However, the expression patterns and prognostic values of S100As in PDAC remain to be analyzed. We investigated the transcriptional expressions, methylation level and prognostic value of S100As in PDAC patients from the Oncomine, GEPIA2, Linkedomics and cBioPortal databases. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expressions of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in four pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic cancer tissues from PDAC patients undergoing surgery. To verify the results further, immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in 43 PDAC patients’ tissue samples. The drug relations of S100As were analyzed by using the Drugbank database. The results suggested that, the expression levels of S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 were elevated to PDAC tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues, and the promoter methylation levels of S100A S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 in PDAC (n = 10) were lower compared with normal tissue (n = 184) (P < 0.05). In addition, their expressions were negatively correlated with PDAC patient survival. Taken together, these results suggest that S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 might be served as prognostic biomarkers for survivals of PDAC patients.

中文翻译：

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S100A家族在胰腺导管腺癌中转录表达及预后价值的综合分析

胰腺导管腺癌 (PDAC) 仍然是一种难治性恶性肿瘤，预后较差。迫切需要确定新颖有效的生物标志物来预测 PDAC 的进展和预后。S100A 家族已被确定为参与各种癌症类型的细胞增殖、迁移和分化进程。然而，S100As 在 PDAC 中的表达模式和预后价值仍有待分析。我们研究了来自 Oncomine、GEPIA2、Linkedomics 和 cBioPortal 数据库的 PDAC 患者中 S100As 的转录表达、甲基化水平和预后价值。Real-time PCR检测S100A2/4/6/10/14/16在4种胰腺癌细胞系和PDAC手术患者胰腺癌组织中的表达。为了进一步验证结果，使用免疫组织化学检测 43 例 PDAC 患者组织样本中 S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 的表达。使用Drugbank数据库分析S100A的药物关系。结果表明，PDAC组织中S100A2/4/6/10/14/16的表达水平高于正常胰腺组织，S100A S100A2/4/6/10/14/16的启动子甲基化水平在PDAC (n = 10) 低于正常组织 (n = 184) (P < 0.05)。此外，它们的表达与 PDAC 患者的存活率呈负相关。总之，这些结果表明 S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 可能作为 PDAC 患者生存的预后生物标志物。结果表明，PDAC组织中S100A2/4/6/10/14/16的表达水平高于正常胰腺组织，S100A S100A2/4/6/10/14/16的启动子甲基化水平在PDAC (n = 10) 低于正常组织 (n = 184) (P < 0.05)。此外，它们的表达与 PDAC 患者的存活率呈负相关。总之，这些结果表明 S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 可能作为 PDAC 患者生存的预后生物标志物。结果表明，PDAC组织中S100A2/4/6/10/14/16的表达水平高于正常胰腺组织，S100A S100A2/4/6/10/14/16的启动子甲基化水平在PDAC (n = 10) 低于正常组织 (n = 184) (P < 0.05)。此外，它们的表达与 PDAC 患者的存活率呈负相关。总之，这些结果表明 S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 可能作为 PDAC 患者生存的预后生物标志物。它们的表达与 PDAC 患者的存活率呈负相关。总之，这些结果表明 S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 可能作为 PDAC 患者生存的预后生物标志物。它们的表达与 PDAC 患者的存活率呈负相关。总之，这些结果表明 S100A2/4/6/10/14/16 可能作为 PDAC 患者生存的预后生物标志物。