Marine communities are dynamic and spatially heterogeneous. Earthquakes and tsunamis modulate the structure of marine communities at short and long-term scales. The objective of this review was to evaluate how such disturbances impact the morphodynamics of coastal areas and the dynamics and structure of marine benthic communities from soft and hard bottoms from intertidal, subtidal and deep-sea habitats. The results reveal that earthquakes and tsunamis caused mortality of algae and bivalves by dissection after coastal uplift. Changes on the vertical distribution of nematodes and coral fragmentation were also recorded. Recovery of the marine communities to pre-disturbance state occurred by migration and recolonization of impacted habitats. The meiofaunal organisms recovered quickly, while some communities recovered after three years. Information pre-disturbance is often lacking or covers a short temporal extent. It is important to establish long-term monitoring programs in areas where the likelihood of impact of disturbance of such magnitude is high to understand how marine communities are shaped at geological scales.

海洋群落是动态和空间异质的。地震和海啸在短期和长期尺度上调节海洋群落的结构。本次审查的目的是评估此类干扰如何影响沿海地区的形态动力学以及潮间带、潮下带和深海栖息地软底和硬底海洋底栖群落的动力学和结构。结果表明，地震和海啸通过海岸隆起后的解剖导致藻类和双壳类动物死亡。还记录了线虫垂直分布和珊瑚破碎的变化。通过受影响栖息地的迁移和重新定居，使海洋群落恢复到干扰前的状态。小型动物恢复很快，而一些群落则在三年后恢复。干扰前的信息通常缺乏或覆盖的时间范围很短。在受到如此严重干扰影响的可能性很高的地区建立长期监测计划非常重要，以了解海洋群落在地质尺度上是如何形成的。