Tuberculosis (TB), an airborne infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given the alarming rise of resistance to anti-TB drugs and latent TB infection (LTBI), new targets and novel bioactive compounds are urgently needed for the treatment of this disease. We provide an overview of the recent advances in anti-TB drug discovery, emphasizing several newly validated targets for which an inhibitor has been reported in the past five years. Our review presents several attractive directions that have potential for the development of next-generation therapies.

结核病 (TB) 是一种主要由结核分枝杆菌(Mtb) 引起的空气传播传染病，仍然是全球人类发病率和死亡率的主要原因。鉴于对抗结核药物和潜伏性结核感染 (LTBI) 的耐药性令人震惊地上升，迫切需要新的靶点和新的生物活性化合物来治疗这种疾病。我们概述了抗结核药物发现的最新进展，强调了过去五年中已报告抑制剂的几个新验证的靶点。我们的审查提出了几个有吸引力的方向，这些方向具有开发下一代疗法的潜力。