Earth’s biosphere, its extraordinary and complex web of species and ecosystems on land and in the oceans, drives the life-sustaining cycles of water and other materials that enable all life on Earth to thrive. The biosphere is also a principal driver of immense negative feedback loops in the Earth system that stabilize atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and thereby global climate—including carbon sequestration by vegetation, soils, and the oceans. As such, Earth’s ecosystems have played a central role in keeping our planet’s climate system unusually stable throughout the last 11,700 years (i.e., the inter-glacial Holocene). During this epoch, global mean temperatures have oscillated only about 1 °C around the pre-industrial average, providing the unique conditions that allowed human civilizations to flourish. Today, ocean and land ecosystems remove around 50% of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions from the atmosphere each year (1), an extraordinary biophysical feat, given that these emissions have risen from approximately 4 gigatonnes of carbon (GtC) per year in 1960 to around 11 GtC per year today. Put another way, half our “climate debt” is removed, for free, by the biosphere every year—a vast subsidy to the world economy.

中文翻译：

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意见：我们需要保护碳汇和建立复原力的生物圈管理[地球、大气和行星科学]

地球的生物圈是陆地和海洋中物种和生态系统的非凡而复杂的网络，推动着水和其他物质的生命维持循环，使地球上的所有生命都能繁衍生息。生物圈也是地球系统中稳定大气 CO ₂的巨大负反馈回路的主要驱动力浓度和全球气候——包括植被、土壤和海洋的碳固存。因此，地球的生态系统在过去 11,700 年（即间冰期全新世）保持地球气候系统异常稳定方面发挥了核心作用。在这一时期，全球平均气温仅在工业化前平均水平附近波动了约 1°C，为人类文明的繁荣提供了独特的条件。今天，海洋和陆地生态系统每年从大气中清除约 50% 的人为 CO ₂排放（1)，这是一项非凡的生物物理壮举，因为这些排放量已从 1960 年的每年约 4 吉吨碳 (GtC) 增加到今天的每年约 11 GtC。换句话说，我们每年有一半的“气候债务”被生物圈免费消除——这是对世界经济的巨大补贴。