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Reflections and Insights on the Evolution of the Biological Remediation of Contaminated Soils
Frontiers in Environmental Science ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-16 , DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2021.734628
Itziar Alkorta , Carlos Garbisu

The field of soil biological remediation was initially focused on the use of microorganisms. For organic contaminants, biostimulation and bioaugmentation were the strategies of choice. For heavy metals, bioremediation was centered on the feasibility of using microorganisms to reduce metal toxicity. Partly due to the impossibility to degrade metals, phytoremediation emerged proposing the use of plants to extract them (phytoextraction) or reduce their bioavailability (phytostabilization). Later, microbial-assisted phytoremediation addressed the inoculation of plant growth-promoting microorganisms to improve phytoremediation efficiency. Similarly, plant-assisted bioremediation examined the stimulatory effect of plant growth on the microbial degradation of soil contaminants. The combination of plants and microorganisms is nowadays often recommended for mixed contaminated soils. Finally, phytomanagement emerged as a phytotechnology focused on the use of plants and associated microorganisms to decrease contaminant linkages, maximize ecosystem services, and provide economic revenues. Although biological remediation methods have been in use for decades, the truth is that they have not yet yielded the expected results. Here, we claim that much more research is needed to make the most of the many ways that microorganisms have evolutionary developed to access the contaminants and to better understand the soil microbial networks responsible, to a great extent, for soil functioning.



中文翻译:

对污染土壤生物修复演进的思考与见解

土壤生物修复领域最初侧重于微生物的利用。对于有机污染物,生物刺激和生物强化是首选策略。对于重金属,生物修复的重点是利用微生物降低金属毒性的可行性。部分由于不可能降解金属,出现了植物修复,建议使用植物提取它们(植物提取)或降低它们的生物利用度(植物稳定)。后来,微生物辅助植物修复解决了接种植物生长促进微生物以提高植物修复效率的问题。同样,植物辅助生物修复研究了植物生长对土壤污染物微生物降解的刺激作用。植物和微生物的组合现在经常被推荐用于混合污染的土壤。最后,植物管理作为一种植物技术出现,侧重于利用植物和相关微生物来减少污染物联系,最大限度地提高生态系统服务,并提供经济收入。虽然生物修复方法已经使用了几十年,但事实是它们还没有产生预期的效果。在这里,我们声称需要更多的研究来充分利用微生物进化发展的许多方法来获取污染物并更好地了解在很大程度上对土壤功能负责的土壤微生物网络。植物管理作为一种植物技术出现,侧重于利用植物和相关微生物来减少污染物联系,最大限度地提高生态系统服务,并提供经济收入。虽然生物修复方法已经使用了几十年,但事实是它们还没有产生预期的效果。在这里,我们声称需要更多的研究来充分利用微生物进化发展的许多方法来获取污染物并更好地了解在很大程度上对土壤功能负责的土壤微生物网络。植物管理作为一种植物技术出现,侧重于利用植物和相关微生物来减少污染物联系,最大限度地提高生态系统服务,并提供经济收入。虽然生物修复方法已经使用了几十年,但事实是它们还没有产生预期的效果。在这里,我们声称需要更多的研究来充分利用微生物进化发展的许多方法来获取污染物并更好地了解在很大程度上对土壤功能负责的土壤微生物网络。

更新日期:2021-09-16
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