In recent decades, climate change induced by enhanced global warming is one of the biggest challenges at the global level. Agriculture sectors significantly contribute to total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission to the atmosphere. Wheat and maize, cultivated globally, and consumed in different forms, are considered as crucial staple cereal for ensuring food security to global population. The management practices involving land preparation, sowing, fertilizer application, irrigation, pest management, etc. significantly influence the emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from agricultural soil. In this study, CO₂ and N₂O emission were assessed from maize and wheat crops at four different levels of N fertilizer using cool farm tool model. Emissions of CO₂ per hectare varied from 331.4 to 1,088.3 kgCO₂ in maize and ranged from 292.3 to 765.3 kgCO₂ in wheat on application of different doses of N. The total GHG emission in maize crops ranged from 859.5 to 3,003.4 kgCO₂ eq per hectare with the application of nitrogen at varying levels (0–240 kg N per hectare). The highest N₂O efflux (0.368 kg per ton) was observed at 240 kg N per hectare under wheat crop. The total on-farm emissions, through fertilizer production, account for about 33.7%, and emission of N₂O contributes only 65.9%, whereas pesticides account merely 0.4% under maize-wheat cropping. This study confirms that the direct emission of N₂O was totally dependent on N fertilizers application rate; however, the indirect emission was controlled by the fuels and energy consumption.

近几十年来，由全球变暖加剧引起的气候变化是全球层面的最大挑战之一。农业部门对人为温室气体排放到大气中的总量做出了重大贡献。小麦和玉米在全球范围内种植并以不同形式消费，被认为是确保全球人口粮食安全的重要主食谷物。涉及整地、播种、施肥、灌溉、病虫害管理等的管理实践显着影响农业土壤中二氧化碳（CO ₂）和一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）的排放。在本研究中，CO ₂和 N ₂使用凉爽农具模型评估了四种不同氮肥水平下玉米和小麦作物的 O 排放。CO的排放量₂每公顷从331.4至1,088.3 kgCO变化₂在玉米和从292.3到765.3 kgCO介于₂在小麦上不同剂量N.总温室气体排放的在玉米作物范围从859.5至3,003.4 kgCO的应用₂当量每公顷使用不同水平的氮（每公顷 0-240 kg N）。在小麦作物下每公顷 240 kg N 时观察到最高的 N ₂ O 流出量（每吨 0.368 kg）。化肥生产的农场总排放量约占 33.7%，N ₂O 仅占 65.9%，而在玉米-小麦种植中，农药仅占 0.4%。本研究证实，N ₂ O的直接排放完全取决于氮肥的施用量；然而，间接排放受燃料和能源消耗的控制。