Seasonal variations of the radon and radium activity concentrations in karstic water sources originating in karstic formations were investigated as part of a premiere systematic survey conducted in Romania. A database including a total of 228 drinking water samples collected from 30 distinct water sources adjacent to rural communities was compiled. The radon and radium activity concentrations for all seasons, assessed based on solid scintillation, ranged from 2.1 to 19.7 Bq/L and from 0.6 to 3.0 Bq/L, respectively. Overall, the detected radon and radium contents did not exceed the radioprotection standards recommended by national and European legislation. However, in at least one season, the measured values for 31% of the samples exceeded the 11.1 Bq/L maximum contaminant level for radon in drinking water recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States. The associated radiological risk, reported in terms of annual effective dose, was calculated to be between 9.8 × 10⁻⁶ and 6.0 × 10⁻⁵ mSv/y for radon and between 5.9 × 10⁻⁵ and 2.7 × 10⁻⁴ mSv/y for radium, which are considerably below the WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines at a value of 0.1 mSv/y.

中文翻译：

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罗马尼亚农村用作饮用水的岩溶泉的放射性风险评估

作为在罗马尼亚进行的首次系统调查的一部分，研究了源自岩溶地层的岩溶水源中氡和镭活动浓度的季节性变化。编制了一个数据库，其中包括从邻近农村社区的 30 个不同水源收集的总共 228 个饮用水样本。根据固体闪烁评估，所有季节的氡和镭活度浓度分别为 2.1 至 19.7 Bq/L 和 0.6 至 3.0 Bq/L。总体而言，检测到的氡和镭含量没有超过国家和欧洲立法建议的辐射防护标准。然而，至少在一个季节，有 31% 的样本的测量值超过了 11。美国环境保护署推荐的饮用水中氡的最大污染物水平为 1 Bq/L。以年有效剂量报告的相关放射学风险计算为 9.8 × 10^-6和 6.0 × 10 ^-5 mSv/y 氡，5.9 × 10 ^-5到 2.7 × 10 ^-4 mSv/y 镭，大大低于 WHO（世界卫生组织）指南的 0.1 mSv 值/年。