The ability to sense and respond to physical forces is critical for the proper function of cells, tissues, and organisms across the evolutionary tree. Plants sense gravity, osmotic conditions, pathogen invasion, wind, and the presence of barriers in the soil, and dynamically integrate internal and external stimuli during every stage of growth and development. While the field of plant mechanobiology is growing, much is still poorly understood—including the interplay between mechanical and biochemical information at the single-cell level. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanical properties of three main components of the plant cell and the mechanoperceptive pathways that link them, with an emphasis on areas of complexity and interaction. We discuss the concept of mechanical homeostasis, or “mechanostasis,” and examine the ways in which cellular structures and pathways serve to maintain it. We argue that viewing mechanics and mechanotransduction as emergent properties of the plant cell can be a useful conceptual framework for synthesizing current knowledge and driving future research.

中文翻译：

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植物细胞力学生物学：大于其各部分的总和

感知和响应物理力的能力对于整个进化树中的细胞、组织和生物体的正常功能至关重要。植物感知重力、渗透条件、病原体入侵、风和土壤中屏障的存在，并在生长和发育的每个阶段动态整合内部和外部刺激。虽然植物力学生物学领域正在发展，但仍有很多内容知之甚少——包括单细胞水平上机械信息和生化信息之间的相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了植物细胞三个主要成分的机械特性以及将它们联系起来的机械感知途径，重点是复杂性和相互作用的领域。我们讨论机械稳态或“机械稳态”的概念，” 并研究细胞结构和通路维持细胞结构的方式。我们认为，将力学和机械传导视为植物细胞的涌现特性可以成为一个有用的概念框架，用于综合当前知识和推动未来研究。