In recent decades, chemotherapies targeting apoptosis have emerged and demonstrated remarkable achievements. However, emerging evidence has shown that chemoresistance is mediated by impairing or bypassing apoptotic cell death. Several novel types of programmed cell death, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, have recently been reported to play significant roles in the modulation of cancer progression and are considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Thus, the switch between apoptosis and pyroptosis is also discussed. Cancer immunotherapy has gained increasing attention due to breakthroughs in immune checkpoint inhibitors; moreover, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are highly correlated with the modulation of immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Compared with necroptosis and ferroptosis, pyroptosis is the primary mechanism for host defense and is crucial for bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated that pyroptosis exerts benefits on cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T). Hence, in this review, we elucidate the role of pyroptosis in cancer progression and the modulation of immunity. We also summarize the potential small molecules and nanomaterials that target pyroptotic cell death mechanisms and their therapeutic effects on cancer.

中文翻译：

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炎症相关的焦亡，一种新型的程序性细胞死亡途径，及其与癌症治疗中免疫疗法的串扰。

近几十年来，针对细胞凋亡的化疗不断涌现，并取得了令人瞩目的成就。然而，新出现的证据表明，化疗耐药性是通过削弱或绕过细胞凋亡来介导的。最近据报道，几种新型的程序性细胞死亡，如铁死亡、坏死性凋亡和焦亡，在调节癌症进展中发挥着重要作用，被认为是一种有前途的癌症治疗策略。因此，还讨论了细胞凋亡和焦亡之间的转换。由于免疫检查点抑制剂的突破，癌症免疫疗法受到越来越多的关注；此外，铁死亡、坏死性凋亡和细胞焦亡与肿瘤微环境中的免疫调节高度相关。与坏死性凋亡和铁死亡相比，焦亡是宿主防御的主要机制，对于桥接先天免疫和适应性免疫至关重要。此外，最近的证据表明焦亡对癌症免疫疗法有好处，包括免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）和嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法（CAR-T）。因此，在这篇综述中，我们阐明了细胞焦亡在癌症进展和免疫调节中的作用。我们还总结了针对焦亡细胞死亡机制的潜在小分子和纳米材料及其对癌症的治疗作用。