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Using a stair horizontal-vertical illusion to increase foot clearance over an inconsistently taller stair-riser.
PLOS ONE ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-14 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257159
Timmion K Skervin 1 , Neil M Thomas 1 , Andrew J Schofield 2 , Mark A Hollands 1 , Constantinos N Maganaris 1 , Thomas D O'Brien 1 , Vasilios Baltzopoulos 1 , Richard J Foster 1
Affiliation  

INTRODUCTION Stair falls can be caused by inconsistent stair dimensions. During ascent, inconsistently taller stair risers lead to reduced foot clearances as the inconsistency goes unnoticed. A stair horizontal-vertical illusion increases perceived riser heights and foot clearance and could offset reduced foot clearances over inconsistently taller risers, though this might impact other stair safety measures. METHOD Twelve participants (age: 22 (3) years) ascended a seven-step staircase under three conditions: i) all steps consistent in riser height (consistent), ii) a 1cm increase in step 5 riser height (inconsistent) and iii) a 1cm increase in step 5 riser height, superimposed with a stair horizontal-vertical illusion (illusion). Vertical foot clearance, foot overhang, and margins of stability were assessed over step 4, 5 and 6. Perceived riser height due to the illusion was determined through a computer perception test. A One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA compared biomechanical variables between conditions. A One Sample t test compared perceived riser height to the true height. RESULTS Over the inconsistent step 5, foot clearance reduced by 0.8cm compared to consistent. Illusion increased foot clearance by 1.1cm and decreased foot overhang by 4% compared to inconsistent. On step 4 the illusion led to more anterior instability compared to inconsistent. Illusion and inconsistent led to more mediolateral stability compared to consistent. The illusion increased perceived riser height by 12%. DISCUSSION Foot clearance reductions over inconsistently taller risers can be offset by a stair horizontal-vertical illusion. Additional benefits included a safer foot overhang and unaffected stability over the inconsistent riser. Changes to step 4 stability might have resulted from leaning forward to look at the step 5 illusion. The stair horizontal-vertical illusion could be a practical solution for inconsistently taller stair risers, where a rebuild is usually the only solution.

中文翻译:

使用楼梯水平垂直错觉来增加高度不一致的楼梯立管上的脚部间隙。

简介 楼梯尺寸不一致可能会导致楼梯跌落。在上升过程中,高度不一致的楼梯立管会导致脚部间隙减少,因为不一致会被忽视。楼梯水平 - 垂直错觉会增加感知的立管高度和脚部间隙,并且可以抵消不一致的较高立管的脚部间隙减少,尽管这可能会影响其他楼梯安全措施。方法 十二名参与者(年龄:22 (3) 岁)在三种情况下登上七级楼梯:i) 所有台阶的梯级高度一致(一致),ii)第 5 级梯级高度增加 1 厘米(不一致)和 iii)台阶 5 立管高度增加 1 厘米,叠加楼梯水平垂直错觉(错觉)。在第 4、5 和 6 步中评估了垂直足部间隙、足部悬垂和稳定边缘。由错觉引起的感知立管高度是通过计算机感知测试确定的。单向重复测量方差分析比较了条件之间的生物力学变量。单样本 t 检验将感知的立管高度与真实高度进行了比较。结果 在不一致的第 5 步中,与一致的相比,足部间隙减少了 0.8 厘米。与不一致相比,幻觉使足部间隙增加了 1.1 厘米,足部悬垂减少了 4%。在第 4 步,与不一致相比,错觉导致更多的前部不稳定。与一致相比,错觉和不一致导致更多的内侧稳定性。这种错觉使感知的立管高度增加了 12%。讨论 楼梯水平-垂直错觉可以抵消高度不一致的脚部间隙减少。其他好处包括更安全的悬脚和在不一致的立管上不受影响的稳定性。第 4 步稳定性的变化可能是由于身体前倾注视第 5 步错觉所致。对于高度不一致的楼梯立管,楼梯水平垂直错觉可能是一种实用的解决方案,其中重建通常是唯一的解决方案。
更新日期:2021-09-14
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