In this study, the utilization of Vietnamese Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) extract was scrutinized under different operational conditions including reaction time, AgNO₃:extract mass ratio, and reaction temperature to establish a rapid, cost–effective, and eco–friendly method with a high yield rate and nanoparticle stabilization. The characterization showed that the as–synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were well–crystalline with an average size of 11.38 ± 5.51 nm. Meanwhile, the Fourier–transform infrared spectrometry of AgNPs and extract samples showed the absorption bands including –OH stretching, symmetric aliphatic bending, and C–OH stretching vibrations belonging to the presence of polyphenols, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, respectively. These bands reveal an astounding decline in the polyphenol, triterpenoid, and flavonoid content of the crude G. lucidum extracts, which is consistent with the results obtained from colorimetric methods. In liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of AgNPs and extract samples, various peaks were detected and they shared significant differences in intensity after the reaction. As a result, the phytochemicals from G. lucidum extracts were confirmed to play the role of reducing silver ions to AgNPs and act as a capping agent to stabilize the colloid mixture. In the biological tests, the colloidal AgNPs demonstrated an extraordinary antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans, with IC₅₀ values of 17.97, 17.06, 1.32, 54.69, and 27.78 µg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of AgNPs was evaluated using 2,2–diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl free radical reagent (IC₅₀ = 447.120 ± 0.084 µg/mL). In addition, the colloidal AgNPs possessed better anticancer activity against the human epidermic carcinoma cancer cell line (KB) with IC₅₀ values of 190.06 ± 3.62 µg/mL when compared to the crude extract. The results of the bioactivity evaluations exhibited the potential utilization of G. lucidum extract as a natural source for the colloidal AgNPs biosynthesis and their application in various areas, particularly as an antimicrobial agent in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic product preservation to combat bacterial infection.

本研究考察了越南灵芝( G. lucidum ) 提取物在反应时间、AgNO _{3 等}不同操作条件下的利用情况。：提取质量比和反应温度，以建立具有高产率和纳米颗粒稳定性的快速、经济、环保的方法。表征表明，合成的银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 是结晶良好的，平均尺寸为 11.38 ± 5.51 nm。同时，AgNPs 和提取物样品的傅里叶变换红外光谱显示吸收带包括 -OH 伸缩、对称脂肪族弯曲和 C-OH 伸缩振动，分别属于多酚、三萜和多糖的存在。这些条带揭示了灵芝粗品的多酚、三萜类化合物和类黄酮含量的惊人下降提取物，这与比色法获得的结果一致。在 AgNPs 和提取物样品的液相色谱-质谱分析中，检测到各种峰，它们在反应后的强度上有显着差异。结果，灵芝提取物中的植物化学物质被证实起到将银离子还原为 AgNPs 的作用，并作为封端剂稳定胶体混合物。在生物测试中，胶体 AgNPs 对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、沙门氏菌和白色念珠菌表现出非凡的抗菌活性，IC ₅₀值分别为 17.97、17.06、1.32、54.69 和 27.78 µg/mL。使用 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼自由基试剂 (IC ₅₀  = 447.120 ± 0.084 µg/mL)评估 AgNPs 的抗氧化能力。此外，与粗提取物相比，胶体 AgNPs 对人表皮癌细胞系 (KB) 具有更好的抗癌活性，IC ₅₀值为 190.06 ± 3.62 µg/mL。生物活性评估的结果表明灵芝提取物作为胶体 AgNPs 生物合成的天然来源的潜在利用及其在各个领域的应用，特别是作为食品、药物和化妆品保存中的抗菌剂以对抗细菌感染。