Introduction

The papillary muscles (PM) play a vital role in atrioventricular (AV) valve function. The PM and their chordae tendineae (CT) regulate the closure of the AV valve during systole. The present study was undertaken to categorize the PM based on their shapes and variant patterns and CT based on their types and the branching pattern.

Methods

This study included formalin-fixed ten adult cadaveric heart specimens. We observed the number, shape, length, breadth, pattern, and presence of extra PM. The number of chordae attached to the tip of each PM was quantified. We classified the types and branching patterns of the chordae and their pattern of attachment to the cusps.

Results

In the right ventricle, conical, truncated, and flat-topped PM were observed. The anterior PM had 5.3 ± 1.9, the posterior PM had 2.7 ± 2.1, and the septal PM had 3.5 ± 2.3 CT attached to it. In the left ventricle, we observed conical, truncated, flat-topped, bifurcate, and trifurcate shapes of PM. The anterior and the posterior PM had 7.7 ± 2.8 and 7.7 ± 2.7 CT attached to them, respectively. The true CT were cusp, cleft, and commissural and the false CT were pillar-wall, inter-pillar, and strut. We also found 3 branching patterns for the chordae (single, fan-shaped, and web forming).

Conclusion

The study explored the comparative morphology of PM and chordae in the right and left ventricles. The knowledge of the morphological pattern of PM and CT would contribute to the valvular function and aid in diagnosing conditions such as valve prolapse or regurgitation.

中文翻译：

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成人心脏心室乳头肌和腱索的形态学

介绍

乳头肌 (PM) 在房室 (AV) 瓣膜功能中起着至关重要的作用。PM 及其腱索 (CT) 在收缩期间调节 AV 瓣膜的关闭。本研究旨在根据 PM 的形状和变异模式对 PM 进行分类，并根据其类型和分支模式对 CT 进行分类。

方法

这项研究包括福尔马林固定的十个成人尸体心脏标本。我们观察到额外 PM 的数量、形状、长度、宽度、模式和存在。量化附着在每个 PM 尖端的腱索数量。我们对腱索的类型和分支模式以及它们与尖端的连接模式进行了分类。

结果

在右心室中，观察到锥形、截断和平顶 PM。前部 PM 为 5.3 ± 1.9，后部 PM 为 2.7 ± 2.1，间隔 PM 附有 3.5 ± 2.3 CT。在左心室，我们观察到 PM 的锥形、截头、平顶、分叉和三叉形状。前部和后部 PM 分别附有 7.7 ± 2.8 和 7.7 ± 2.7 CT。真 CT 为尖、裂和连合，假 CT 为柱壁、柱间和支柱。我们还发现了 chordae 的 3 种分支模式（单个、扇形和网状）。

结论

该研究探讨了左右心室中 PM 和腱索的比较形态。PM 和 CT 形态学模式的知识将有助于瓣膜功能，并有助于诊断瓣膜脱垂或反流等疾病。