In the present study, toxic effects, both alone and combined, of bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb) and endosulfan (ES) in the low doses were investigated in rat liver and kidney functions. In the study, bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb) and endosulfan (ES) were chosen because although they are the chemicals people are most frequently exposed to, no combined toxic effect studies were conducted with these chemicals. Sixty-four male Wistar albino rats were used in the study, and they were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 8 per group); control, BPA (5 mg/kg), Pb (100 ppm), ES (0.61 mg/kg), BPA+Pb, BPA+ES, Pb+ES and BPA+P+ES. The rats were sacrificed after 65 days of treatment. Severe histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues were observed in the rats exposed to BPA+Pb+ES combination. Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and decreased superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in the kidney tissue were detected in the BPA+Pb+ES group compared to those of the control group. It was found that serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) levels were higher in the BPA+Pb+ES combination group than the control group. Also, combined exposure of BPA, Pb and ES caused apoptotic cell numbers and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) to increase in the liver and kidney tissues. The results of the present study suggested that the BPA, Pb and ES caused more dramatic changes to both histological architecture and cell apoptosis in the liver and kidney tissues when there was a combined exposure.

在本研究中，研究了低剂量双酚 A (BPA)、铅 (Pb) 和硫丹 (ES) 对大鼠肝肾功能的单独和联合毒性作用。在这项研究中，选择了双酚 A (BPA)、铅 (Pb) 和硫丹 (ES)，因为尽管它们是人们最常接触的化学物质，但没有对这些化学物质进行综合毒性影响研究。研究中使用了 64 只雄性 Wistar 白化大鼠，将它们随机分为 8 组（n= 每组 8 个）；对照、BPA (5 mg/kg)、Pb (100 ppm)、ES (0.61 mg/kg)、BPA+Pb、BPA+ES、Pb+ES 和 BPA+P+ES。处理65天后处死大鼠。在暴露于 BPA+Pb+ES 组合的大鼠中观察到肝脏和肾脏组织的严重组织病理学变化。与对照组相比，在 BPA+Pb+ES 组中检测到肝脏中丙二醛 (MDA) 升高和肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性 (SOD) 降低。结果发现，BPA+Pb+ES联合组的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（CREA）水平高于对照组。此外，BPA、Pb 和 ES 的联合暴露导致肝和肾组织中的凋亡细胞数量和诱导型一氧化氮 (iNOS) 增加。