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Maternal exposure to bisphenol A induces fetal growth restriction via upregulating the expression of estrogen receptors.
Chemosphere ( IF 8.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132244
Yuming Cao 1 , Zhenlie Chen 1 , Ming Zhang 2 , Lei Shi 3 , Songling Qin 3 , Dan Lv 3 , Danyang Li 3 , Ling Ma 2 , Yuanzhen Zhang 1
Affiliation  

Bisphenol A (BPA) accumulation in the placenta leads to fetal growth restriction (FGR). Here we aimed to explore the effect and the underlying mechanism of BPA exposure on fetal development. ELISA was performed to measure estrogen levels in human placenta and BeWo cells. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were conducted to determine the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), the key enzymes for ER synthesis, and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Bisulfite-sequencing PCR analysis was performed to measure CpG methylation in ER genes. Flow cytometry was used to examine cell apoptosis. We found that human FGR placentae had significantly increased BPA and estrogen levels and decreased BCRP levels compared with healthy placentae. BPA downregulated BCRP expression via ERs, and BCRP silencing promoted ER expression in BeWo cells. Compared with vehicle treatment, BPA treatment significantly enhanced the expression of key enzymes for estrogen synthesis and ERs in BeWo cells. BPA treatment inhibited CpG methylation in ER genes, along with downregulated DNMT1 expression and upregulated DNMT3a and DNMT3b expression. BPA treatment significantly promoted BeWo cell apoptosis compared with vehicle treatment. Importantly, ER inhibitor ICI-182780 significantly reversed all the BPA-induced effects on BeWo cells. In conclusion, BPA promotes estrogen production and cell apoptosis in BeWo cells via upregulating ER expression, leading to FGR.



中文翻译:

母亲接触双酚 A 通过上调雌激素受体的表达诱导胎儿生长受限。

双酚 A (BPA) 在胎盘中的积累导致胎儿生长受限 (FGR)。在这里,我们旨在探讨 BPA 暴露对胎儿发育的影响和潜在机制。进行ELISA以测量人胎盘和BeWo细胞中的雌激素水平。进行qRT-PCR和Western印迹以确定雌激素受体(ER)、乳腺癌抗性蛋白(BCRP)、ER合成的关键酶和DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)的表达。进行亚硫酸氢盐测序 PCR 分析以测量 ER 基因中的 CpG 甲基化。流式细胞术用于检测细胞凋亡。我们发现,与健康胎盘相比,人类 FGR 胎盘的 BPA 和雌激素水平显着增加,BCRP 水平降低。BPA 通过 ER 下调 BCRP 表达,BCRP 沉默促进了 BeWo 细胞中的 ER 表达。与载体处理相比,BPA 处理显着增强了 BeWo 细胞中雌激素合成和 ERs 的关键酶的表达。BPA 处理抑制 ER 基因中的 CpG 甲基化,同时下调 DNMT1 表达并上调 DNMT3a 和 DNMT3b 表达。与载体处理相比,BPA 处理显着促进 BeWo 细胞凋亡。重要的是,ER 抑制剂 ICI-182780 显着逆转了 BPA 对 BeWo 细胞的所有诱导作用。总之,BPA 通过上调 ER 表达促进 BeWo 细胞中雌激素的产生和细胞凋亡,导致 FGR。BPA 处理抑制 ER 基因中的 CpG 甲基化,同时下调 DNMT1 表达并上调 DNMT3a 和 DNMT3b 表达。与载体处理相比,BPA 处理显着促进 BeWo 细胞凋亡。重要的是,ER 抑制剂 ICI-182780 显着逆转了 BPA 对 BeWo 细胞的所有诱导作用。总之,BPA 通过上调 ER 表达促进 BeWo 细胞中雌激素的产生和细胞凋亡,导致 FGR。BPA 处理抑制 ER 基因中的 CpG 甲基化,同时下调 DNMT1 表达并上调 DNMT3a 和 DNMT3b 表达。与载体处理相比,BPA 处理显着促进 BeWo 细胞凋亡。重要的是,ER 抑制剂 ICI-182780 显着逆转了 BPA 对 BeWo 细胞的所有诱导作用。总之,BPA 通过上调 ER 表达促进 BeWo 细胞中雌激素的产生和细胞凋亡,导致 FGR。

更新日期:2021-09-17
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