The removal of uremic toxins from patients with acute kidney injury is a key issue in improving the quality of life for people requiring peritoneal dialysis. The currently utilized method for the removal of uremic toxins from the human organism is hemodialysis, performed on semipermeable membranes where the uremic toxins, along with small molecules, are separated from proteins and blood cells. In this study, we describe a mixed-linker modulated synthesis of zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for efficient removal of uremic toxins. We determined that the efficient adsorption of uremic toxins is achieved by optimizing the ratio between −amino functionalization of the UiO-66 structure with 75% of −NH₂ groups within organic linker structure. The maximum adsorption of hippuric acid and 3-indoloacetic acid was achieved by UiO-66-NH₂ (75%) and by UiO-66-NH₂ (75%) 12.5% HCl prepared by modulated synthesis. Furthermore, UiO-66-NH₂ (75%) almost completely adsorbs 3-indoloacetic acid bound to bovine serum albumin, which was used as a model protein to which uremic toxins bind in the human body. The high adsorption capacity was confirmed in recyclability test, which showed almost 80% removal of 3-indoloacetic acid after the third adsorption cycle. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity tests as well as hemolytic activity assay have proven that the UiO-66-based materials can be considered as potentially safe for hemodialytic purposes in living organisms.

中文翻译：

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寻找用于人工肾应用的有效 UiO-66 金属有机框架

清除急性肾损伤患者的尿毒症毒素是提高需要腹膜透析患者生活质量的关键问题。目前用于从人体中去除尿毒症毒素的方法是血液透析，在半透膜上进行，其中尿毒症毒素与小分子一起从蛋白质和血细胞中分离出来。在这项研究中，我们描述了一种混合接头调制的锆基金属有机框架合成，以有效去除尿毒症毒素。_{我们确定通过优化 UiO-66 结构的 -氨基官能化与 75% 的 -NH 2}之间的比率来实现尿毒症毒素的有效吸附有机接头结构内的基团。通过调制合成制备的UiO-66-NH ₂ (75%) 和 UiO-66-NH ₂ (75%) 12.5% HCl实现了马尿酸和 3-吲哚乙酸的最大吸附。此外，UiO-66-NH ₂ (75%)几乎完全吸附与牛血清白蛋白结合的3-吲哚乙酸，牛血清白蛋白被用作人体内尿毒症毒素结合的模型蛋白。在可回收性测试中证实了高吸附容量，这表明在第三次吸附循环后，3-吲哚乙酸的去除率接近 80%。此外，体外 细胞毒性测试以及溶血活性测定证明，基于 UiO-66 的材料可被认为对活生物体的血液透析目的具有潜在安全性。