Endometrial receptivity is crucial for successful embryo implantation. It is regulated by multiple factors which include ovarian steroid hormones and the immune microenvironment among others. Nod-Like Receptor Pyrins-3 (NLRP3) is a key intracellular pattern-recognition receptor and a critical component of the inflammasome, which plays an essential role in the development of inflammation and of immune responses. However, the physiological functions of NLRP3 in the endometrium remain largely unclear. This study investigated the physiological and pathological significance of NLRP3 in human endometrial epithelial cell during the implantation window. NLRP3 is highly expressed during the mid-proliferative and mid-secretory phases of the human endometrium and transcriptionally up-regulated by estradiol (E2) through estrogen receptor β (ERβ). In addition, NLRP3 promotes embryo implantation and enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of Ishikawa (IK) cells via both inflammasome-dependent and inflammasome-independent pathways, which might provide a novel insight into endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Our findings suggest that NLRP3, which is transcriptionally regulated by E2, induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition of endometrial epithelial cells and promotes embryo adhesion.

中文翻译：

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NLRP3通过诱导子宫内膜上皮的上皮间质转化促进子宫内膜容受性

子宫内膜容受性对于成功的胚胎植入至关重要。它受多种因素的调节，包括卵巢类固醇激素和免疫微环境等。Nod-Like Receptor Pyrins-3 (NLRP3) 是一种关键的细胞内模式识别受体，也是炎症小体的重要组成部分，在炎症和免疫反应的发展中起着至关重要的作用。然而，NLRP3 在子宫内膜中的生理功能仍不清楚。本研究探讨了NLRP3在植入窗口期间在人子宫内膜上皮细胞中的生理和病理意义。NLRP3 在人子宫内膜的增殖中期和分泌中期高度表达，并由雌二醇 (E2) 通过雌激素受体 β (ERβ) 进行转录上调。此外，NLRP3 通过炎症小体依赖性和炎症小体非依赖性途径促进胚胎着床并增强 Ishikawa (IK) 细胞的上皮间质转化 (EMT)，这可能为子宫内膜容受性和胚胎着床提供新的见解。我们的研究结果表明，由 E2 转录调节的 NLRP3 诱导子宫内膜上皮细胞的上皮-间质转化并促进胚胎粘附。