We develop a finite-element three-dimensional model of a Bridgman specimen with an aim to investigate its elastoplastic deformation in tension. The distribution of stresses in the cross section of the working part of the specimen for a wide range of loads is determined. It is shown that stresses acting at the center of the specimen in the stage of elastic deformation are lower than the stresses on its surface and, on the contrary, higher than the stresses in the stage of elastoplastic deformation. For a specimen made of 40Kh steel, we find a tensile force for which the normal stresses formed in its cross-section are uniform.

中文翻译：

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用有限元法分析布里奇曼试样轴向拉伸应力-应变状态

我们开发了一个 Bridgman 试样的有限元三维模型，目的是研究它在拉伸时的弹塑性变形。确定了在很宽的载荷范围内，试样工作部分横截面上的应力分布。结果表明，在弹性变形阶段作用于试样中心的应力低于其表面应力，相反高于弹塑性变形阶段的应力。对于由 40Kh 钢制成的试样，我们发现在其横截面上形成的法向应力均匀的拉力。